Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Aug 14;20(16):4559. doi: 10.3390/s20164559.
In recent years, many city governments around the world have begun to use information and communication technology to increase the management efficiency of on-street parking. Among various experimental smart parking projects, deployment of wireless magnetic sensors and smart parking meters are quite common. However, using wireless magnetic sensors can only detect the occupancy of parking spaces without the knowledge of who are currently using these parking spaces; human labor is still needed to issue the parking bills. In contrast, smart parking meters based on image recognition can detect the occupancy of parking spaces along with the license plate numbers, but the cost of deploying smart parking meters is relatively high. In this research, we investigate the feasibility of building an on-street parking management system mainly based on low-cost Bluetooth beacons. Specifically, beacon transmitters are installed in the vehicles, and beacon receivers are deployed along the roadside parking spaces. By processing the received beacon signals using Kalman filter, our system can detect the occupancy of parking spaces as well as the identification of the vehicles. Although distance estimation using the received signal strength is not accurate, our experiments show that it suffices for correct detection of parking occupancy.
近年来，世界各地的许多市政府开始利用信息和通信技术来提高路边停车的管理效率。在各种实验性的智能停车项目中，部署无线磁传感器和智能停车表是很常见的。然而，使用无线磁传感器只能检测停车位的占用情况，而不知道谁在使用这些停车位；仍然需要人工来开出停车罚单。相比之下，基于图像识别的智能停车表可以检测停车位的占用情况以及车牌号码，但部署智能停车表的成本相对较高。在这项研究中，我们研究了主要基于低成本蓝牙信标来构建路边停车管理系统的可行性。具体来说，信标发射器安装在车辆上，信标接收器则部署在路边停车位沿线。通过使用卡尔曼滤波器处理接收到的信标信号，我们的系统可以检测停车位的占用情况以及车辆的识别。虽然使用接收信号强度进行距离估计并不准确，但我们的实验表明，它足以正确检测停车占用情况。
