Constituents of and Their Neuroprotective Effects in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal, R28 Retinal Cells, and BV2 Microglial Cells.

is widely used in traditional medicine and contains various types of metabolites with pharmacological activity. In the course of searching for neuroprotective molecules associated with the potential of in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, two new phenolic compounds ( and ) and a new tripeptide (), together with 16 known compounds (-), were isolated from the rhizomes of . The structures of the compounds were determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic data, including nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. All obtained compounds were assessed for their ability to protect neuronal cells against neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Of these, and were found to possess moderate activities in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells, whereas , , and showed weak activities in R28 retinal cells. Additionally, compound showed moderate inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglial cells.