Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Faculty of Sci Eng & Built EnvSchool of Engineering, Deakin University, Australia.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Nov 15;274:111166. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111166. Epub 2020 Aug 21.
Reliance on new and alternative water supply sources is a desirable option for upgrading existing and ageing urban water system infrastructure that is no longer able to cater for steadily increasing water demand. This transformation will increasingly involve the use of decentralised, more complex and energy intensive urban water systems. Modelling capability that takes a holistic systems approach to optimize the dynamic interactions between water and energy is needed to evaluate the performance of fit-for-purpose water supply systems for the urban sector. This paper presents a simulation-optimisation model to concurrently simulate and optimize an urban water supply system based on minimum energy use when water of alternative quality is supplied to different users on a 'fit-for-purpose' basis. The model uses a System Dynamics approach to simulate the energy use of different water supply systems in the form of stocks and flows combined with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique to optimize energy use while satisfying all the water demands. The comprehensive model framework is built on a Matlab/Simulink® platform. Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) is used to generate the embodied energy use variables which are input to the simulation-optimisation model. The model is sufficiently flexible to accommodate water supply systems of variable spatial scales and analyse water and energy use at variable time scales. The application of the modelling framework on the Aurora urban development estate, Australia, shows that the model produces essential information about the water supply and energy use intensity according to specified criteria.
依赖新的和替代水源是升级现有和老化的城市供水系统基础设施的理想选择，因为这些基础设施已经无法满足不断增长的用水需求。这种转变将越来越多地涉及到使用分散的、更复杂和能源密集型的城市供水系统。为了评估适合城市部门的供水系统的性能，需要一种整体系统方法的建模能力，以优化水和能源之间的动态相互作用。本文提出了一种模拟-优化模型，该模型可以根据替代质量的水以“适合用途”的方式供应给不同用户时的最小能源使用来同时模拟和优化城市供水系统。该模型采用系统动力学方法模拟不同供水系统的能源使用情况，以存量和流量的形式表示，并结合遗传算法（GA）技术来优化能源使用，同时满足所有的水需求。综合模型框架建立在 Matlab/Simulink®平台上。生命周期能源评估（LCEA）用于生成体现能源使用变量，这些变量被输入到模拟-优化模型中。该模型具有足够的灵活性，可以适应不同空间尺度的供水系统，并在不同的时间尺度上分析水和能源的使用情况。该模型框架在澳大利亚奥罗拉城市发展区的应用表明，该模型根据指定的标准生成有关供水和能源使用强度的重要信息。
