Borics Gábor, Abonyi András, Salmaso Nico, Ptacnik Robert
Department of Tisza Research, Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Bem tér 18/c, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
Hydrobiologia. 2021;848(1):53-75. doi: 10.1007/s10750-020-04332-9. Epub 2020 Jul 4.
Our understanding on phytoplankton diversity has largely been progressing since the publication of Hutchinson on the paradox of the plankton. In this paper, we summarise some major steps in phytoplankton ecology in the context of mechanisms underlying phytoplankton diversity. Here, we provide a framework for phytoplankton community assembly and an overview of measures on taxonomic and functional diversity. We show how ecological theories on species competition together with modelling approaches and laboratory experiments helped understand species coexistence and maintenance of diversity in phytoplankton. The non-equilibrium nature of phytoplankton and the role of disturbances in shaping diversity are also discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the role of water body size, productivity of habitats and temperature on phytoplankton species richness, and how diversity may affect the functioning of lake ecosystems. At last, we give an insight into molecular tools that have emerged in the last decades and argue how it has broadened our perspective on microbial diversity. Besides historical backgrounds, some critical comments have also been made.
自哈钦森发表关于浮游生物悖论的论文以来，我们对浮游植物多样性的理解有了很大进展。在本文中，我们在浮游植物多样性潜在机制的背景下总结了浮游植物生态学的一些主要进展。在此，我们提供了一个浮游植物群落组装的框架，并概述了分类和功能多样性的测量方法。我们展示了物种竞争的生态学理论如何与建模方法和实验室实验相结合，帮助我们理解浮游植物的物种共存和多样性维持。还讨论了浮游植物的非平衡性质以及干扰在塑造多样性方面的作用。此外，我们讨论了水体大小、栖息地生产力和温度对浮游植物物种丰富度的作用，以及多样性如何影响湖泊生态系统的功能。最后，我们深入探讨了过去几十年出现的分子工具，并阐述了它如何拓宽了我们对微生物多样性的认识。除了历史背景，我们也给出了一些批判性的评论。
