Heininger Ulrich
Universitäts-Kinderspital beider Basel, Spitalstr. 33, 4056 Basel, Schweiz.
Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Basel, Basel, Schweiz.
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 2020;168(8):747-759. doi: 10.1007/s00112-020-00941-9. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Pertussis is caused by the gram-negative bacterium . The disease manifestations range from unspecific coughing to life-threatening courses with hyperleukocytosis and respiratory failure, especially in young infants. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and microbiological detection methods. The treatment consists of macrolide antibiotics and caffeine can be used against apnea. The incidence is 10-40 cases/100,000 inhabitants per year and highest in infants (approximately 50), followed by adolescents (30-35). In the first 5 months of life more than 50% of all children with pertussis are hospitalized. Vaccination prevention consists of basic immunization and regular booster doses with acellular component vaccines. Vaccination of pregnant women is the most promising strategy to prevent severe pertussis in young infants. Infants of vaccinated mothers should still be immunized in a timely manner for their own protection from the age of 2 months onwards.
百日咳由革兰氏阴性菌引起。疾病表现从非特异性咳嗽到伴有白细胞增多和呼吸衰竭的危及生命的病程不等，尤其是在幼儿中。诊断基于临床症状和微生物检测方法。治疗包括使用大环内酯类抗生素，咖啡因可用于治疗呼吸暂停。发病率为每年每10万居民10 - 40例，在婴儿中最高（约50例），其次是青少年（30 - 35例）。在出生后的前5个月，超过50%的百日咳患儿需要住院治疗。疫苗预防包括基础免疫和使用无细胞成分疫苗定期加强接种。孕妇接种疫苗是预防幼儿严重百日咳最有前景的策略。接种疫苗的母亲所生的婴儿仍应从2个月龄起及时接种疫苗以保护自身。
