Fang Y H, He Y N, Li C L
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Jun 6;54(6):662-667. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20190909-00719.
To establish Chinese diet balance index for preschool children（DBI_C), and evaluate the dietary quality of Chinese preschool children. DBI_C was established according to the methods establishing DBI_16 and the recommended intake of different kinds of food for preschool children. Three scoring methods [low bound score （LBS), high bound score （HBS), diet quality distance （DQD)] were used to evaluate the dietary quality of preschool children selected from the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance. Scores [（, )] were compared to reflect the diet quality of preschool children in different regions. DBI_C scores for cereals of preschool children from big city, middle and small city, normal rural area, and poor rural area were 0.0 （-2.0, 6.0), 0.0 （0.0, 6.0), 4.0 （0.0, 10.0), and 10.0 （2.0, 12.0), respectively （<0.001), indicating that the intakes of cereals of preschool children were adequate. Scores for animal food of preschool children from four types of location were 0.0 （-2.0, 2.0), 0.0 （-6.0, 2.0), -4.0 （-6.0, 0.0), and -6.0 （-8.0,-2.0), respectively （<0.001), indicating that the intakes of animal food of rural preschool children were inadequate. Scores for vegetable and fruit, milk and soybean were both less than 0 （<0.001), indicating that the intakes of these food were insufficient in both urban and rural area. Scores of LBS, HBS and DQD were 24.0 （18.0, 30.0), 8.0 （3.0, 13.0) and 33.0（26.0, 39.0). Children without diet insufficient problem in four type of location accounted for 30.8%, 7.8%, 4.3% and 1.1%, respectively （<0.001). Children without diet excessive problem accounted for 54.0%, 57.3%, 52.9% and 32.6%, respectively （<0.001). Children without diet imbalance problem were 10.6%, 1.1%, 1.3% and 0.3%, respectively （<0.001). Diet quality of urban preschool children is better than that of rural preschool children. Dietary imbalance is the main problem among Chinese preschool children.
建立中国学龄前儿童饮食平衡指数（DBI_C），并评估中国学龄前儿童的膳食质量。DBI_C是根据建立DBI_16的方法以及学龄前儿童各类食物的推荐摄入量建立的。采用三种评分方法[下限评分（LBS）、上限评分（HBS）、饮食质量距离（DQD）]对2010 - 2012年中国国家营养与健康监测中选取的学龄前儿童的膳食质量进行评估。比较得分[（，）]以反映不同地区学龄前儿童的饮食质量。大城市、中小城市、普通农村地区和贫困农村地区学龄前儿童谷类食物的DBI_C得分分别为0.0（-2.0，6.0）、0.0（0.0，6.0）、4.0（0.0，10.0）和10.0（2.0，12.0）（<0.001），表明学龄前儿童谷类食物摄入量充足。四类地区学龄前儿童动物性食物得分分别为0.0（-2.0，2.0）、0.0（-6.0，2.0）、-4.0（-6.0，0.0）和-6.0（-8.0，-2.0）（<0.001），表明农村学龄前儿童动物性食物摄入量不足。蔬菜和水果、奶类及大豆类食物得分均小于0（<0.001），表明城乡地区这些食物的摄入量均不足。LBS、HBS和DQD得分分别为24.0（18.0，30.0）、8.0（3.0，13.0）和33.0（26.0，39.0）。四类地区无饮食不足问题的儿童分别占30.8%、7.8%、4.3%和1.1%（<0.001）。无饮食过量问题的儿童分别占54.0%、57.3%、52.9%和32.6%（<0.001）。无饮食不均衡问题的儿童分别占10.6%、1.1%、1.3%和0.3%（<0.001）。城市学龄前儿童的膳食质量优于农村学龄前儿童。饮食不均衡是中国学龄前儿童的主要问题。
