Zang Jiajie, Yu Huiting, Zhu Zhenni, Lu Ye, Liu Changhe, Yao Chunxia, Bai Pinqing, Guo Changyi, Jia Xiaodong, Zou Shurong, Wu Fan
Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
Department of Vital Statistics, Division of Health information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
Nutrients. 2017 Mar 8;9(3):251. doi: 10.3390/nu9030251.
Few studies have applied the Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) in evaluating dietary quality across seasons.
The Shanghai Diet and Health Survey (SDHS) included 1680 participants from all districts of Shanghai from 2012 to 2013. Dietary data were obtained using three-day 24-h recall in spring, summer, fall, and winter. Higher bound score (HBS), lower bound score (LBS) and diet quality distance (DQD) were calculated according to compliance with the dietary guidelines and based on the recommendations for consumption within the main food groups. HBS, LBS, and DQD represent over-intake, under-intake, and overall imbalance of the diet, respectively.
836 males and 844 females were included. The HBS indicated that 10.08%, 11.84%, 10.31%, and 12.73% people have moderate or high levels of over-intake of food in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively; and 74.04%, 37.61%, 53.09%, and 42.72% people have moderate or high levels of deficit food intake for each of the four seasons. The mean HBS and LBS among the four seasons were statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The mean (SD) DQD was 43.27 (10.21), 35.67 (9.71), 39.19 (9.36), and 36.84 (9.45) in each season. A multivariable model showed statistically significant differences in DQD according to age, gender, occupational status, education, smoking, drinking status, season, and residency (p < 0.001).
An unbalanced diet is common among people living in Shanghai. Seasonality and area of residence were found to be two significant predictors. Strengthening the accessibility and the supply of food across seasons and regions should be considered.
很少有研究应用中国饮食平衡指数（DBI）来评估不同季节的饮食质量。
上海饮食与健康调查（SDHS）纳入了2012年至2013年来自上海所有区的1680名参与者。通过在春、夏、秋、冬四季采用连续三天的24小时回顾法获取饮食数据。根据对饮食指南的遵循情况并基于主要食物组内的消费建议计算上限分数（HBS）、下限分数（LBS）和饮食质量距离（DQD）。HBS、LBS和DQD分别代表饮食的过量摄入、不足摄入和总体失衡。
纳入836名男性和844名女性。HBS表明，春、夏、秋、冬四季分别有10.08%、11.84%、10.31%和12.73%的人存在中度或高度的食物过量摄入；四个季节中分别有74.04%、37.61%、53.09%和42.72%的人存在中度或高度的食物摄入不足。四季的平均HBS和LBS有统计学显著差异（p < 0.001）。各季节的平均（标准差）DQD分别为43.27（10.21）、35.67（9.71）、39.19（9.36）和36.84（9.45）。多变量模型显示，根据年龄、性别、职业状况、教育程度、吸烟、饮酒状况、季节和居住地区，DQD存在统计学显著差异（p < 0.001）。
饮食不均衡在上海居民中很常见。发现季节和居住地区是两个重要的预测因素。应考虑加强不同季节和地区食物的可及性和供应。
