Arribarat Germain, De Barros Amaury, Péran Patrice
ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.
Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS, Cerco, UMR5549), UPS, Toulouse, France.
Front Neurol. 2020 Aug 4;11:791. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00791. eCollection 2020.
The brainstem is the earliest vulnerable structure in many neurodegenerative diseases like in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) or Parkinson's disease (PD). Up-to-now, MRI studies have mainly focused on whole-brain data acquisition. Due to its spatial localization, size, and tissue characteristics, brainstem poses particular challenges for MRI. We provide a brief overview on recent advances in brainstem-related MRI markers in Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism's. Several MRI techniques investigating brainstem, mainly the midbrain, showed to be able to discriminate PD patients from controls or to discriminate PD patients from atypical parkinsonism patients: iron-sensitive MRI, nigrosome imaging, neuromelanin-sensitive MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and advanced diffusion imaging. A standardized multimodal brainstem-dedicated MRI approach at high resolution able to quantify microstructural modification in brainstem nuclei would be a promising tool to detect early changes in parkinsonian syndromes.
脑干是许多神经退行性疾病（如多系统萎缩症（MSA）或帕金森病（PD））中最早出现病变的结构。到目前为止，MRI研究主要集中在全脑数据采集上。由于脑干的空间定位、大小和组织特征，其MRI成像面临着特殊挑战。我们简要概述了帕金森病和帕金森综合征中与脑干相关的MRI标记物的最新进展。几种研究脑干（主要是中脑）的MRI技术已显示能够区分帕金森病患者与对照组，或区分帕金森病患者与非典型帕金森病患者：铁敏感MRI、黑质成像、神经黑色素敏感MRI、扩散张量成像和高级扩散成像。一种标准化的高分辨率多模态脑干专用MRI方法，能够量化脑干核团的微观结构变化，将是检测帕金森综合征早期变化的一种有前景的工具。
