Buatois Luis A, Mángano M Gabriela, Minter Nicholas J, Zhou Kai, Wisshak Max, Wilson Mark A, Olea Ricardo A
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3QL, UK.
Sci Adv. 2020 Aug 14;6(33):eabb0618. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0618. eCollection 2020 Aug.
The Cambrian explosion (CE) and the great Ordovician biodiversification event (GOBE) are the two most important radiations in Paleozoic oceans. We quantify the role of bioturbation and bioerosion in ecospace utilization and ecosystem engineering using information from 1367 stratigraphic units. An increase in all diversity metrics is demonstrated for the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, followed by a decrease in most values during the middle to late Cambrian, and by a more modest increase during the Ordovician. A marked increase in ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity of bioturbation is shown during the CE and of bioerosion during the GOBE. Innovations took place first in offshore settings and later expanded into marginal-marine, nearshore, deep-water, and carbonate environments. This study highlights the importance of the CE, despite its Ediacaran roots. Differences in infaunalization in offshore and shelf paleoenvironments favor the hypothesis of early Cambrian wedge-shaped oxygen minimum zones instead of a horizontally stratified ocean.
寒武纪大爆发（CE）和奥陶纪生物大辐射事件（GOBE）是古生代海洋中两个最重要的生物辐射事件。我们利用来自1367个地层单元的信息，量化了生物扰动和生物侵蚀在生态空间利用和生态系统工程中的作用。埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪过渡时期所有多样性指标均有所增加，随后在寒武纪中期至晚期，大多数指标值下降，而在奥陶纪期间则有较为适度的增加。在寒武纪大爆发期间，生物扰动的遗迹多样性和遗迹差异显著增加，在奥陶纪生物大辐射事件期间，生物侵蚀的遗迹多样性和遗迹差异显著增加。创新首先发生在近海环境，随后扩展到边缘海、近岸、深水和碳酸盐环境。这项研究突出了寒武纪大爆发的重要性，尽管它起源于埃迪卡拉纪。近海和陆架古环境中底栖动物化的差异支持了早寒武世楔形氧含量最低带的假说，而非水平分层海洋的假说。
