Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, and BRIDGE, Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
Department of Neurology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.
Scand J Immunol. 2020 Nov;92(5):e12963. doi: 10.1111/sji.12963. Epub 2020 Oct 7.
Myeloid cells represent the major cellular component of innate immune responses. Myeloid cells include monocytes and macrophages, granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils) and dendritic cells (DC). The role of myeloid cells has been broadly described both in physiological and in pathological conditions. All tissues or organs are equipped with resident myeloid cells, such as parenchymal microglia in the brain, which contribute to maintaining homeostasis. Moreover, in case of infection or tissue damage, other myeloid cells such as monocytes or granulocytes (especially neutrophils) can be recruited from the circulation, at first to promote inflammation and later to participate in repair and regeneration. This review aims to address the regulatory roles of myeloid cells in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), with a particular focus on recent work showing induction of suppressive function via stimulation of innate signalling in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
髓样细胞是先天免疫反应的主要细胞成分。髓样细胞包括单核细胞和巨噬细胞、粒细胞（中性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞）和树突状细胞（DC）。髓样细胞在生理和病理条件下的作用已被广泛描述。所有组织或器官都配备有常驻髓样细胞，如大脑中的实质小胶质细胞，它们有助于维持内环境平衡。此外，在感染或组织损伤的情况下，其他髓样细胞，如单核细胞或粒细胞（特别是中性粒细胞）可以从循环中招募，最初促进炎症，然后参与修复和再生。这篇综述旨在探讨髓样细胞在中枢神经系统（CNS）炎症性疾病中的调节作用，特别关注最近的工作，这些工作表明通过刺激多发性硬化症（MS）及其动物模型实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）中的先天信号诱导抑制功能。
