Yamasaki Ryo
Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 10;26(8):3585. doi: 10.3390/ijms26083585.
Microglia and macrophages are critical mediators of immune responses in the central nervous system. Their roles range from homeostatic maintenance to the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. This review explores the origins of microglia and macrophages, as well as their mechanisms of activation, interactions with other neural cells, and contributions to disease progression and repair processes. It also highlights the translational relevance of insights gained from animal models and the therapeutic potential of targeting microglial and macrophage activity in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞是中枢神经系统免疫反应的关键介质。它们的作用范围从稳态维持到自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病（如多发性硬化症和视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍）的发病机制。本综述探讨了小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞的起源、激活机制、与其他神经细胞的相互作用，以及它们对疾病进展和修复过程的贡献。它还强调了从动物模型中获得的见解的转化相关性，以及针对多发性硬化症和视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍中的小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞活性的治疗潜力。
