Soil Science Department, Agronomy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 7712, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal no Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 1365. Bairro Azenha, CEP 90160-093 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Institute of Forensic Science and Technology (INCT Forense), Brazil.
Soil Science Department, Agronomy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 7712, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Institute of Forensic Science and Technology (INCT Forense), Brazil.
Forensic Sci Int. 2020 Oct;315:110459. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110459. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
The Marihuana Polygon production of Cannabis sativa L. supplies the northeastern region of Brazil and represents 30% of the nation's market. The international trend of indoor cultivation is also occurring in Brazil, and the Brazilian Federal Police (BFP) has been increasing its apprehension of cannabis seeds sent by mail. The present work aims to assess the utility of the multi-element composition of different cannabis plant parts and soil samples where the plants were cultivated to determine their geographic origin. Statistical tools were applied to classification of marijuana samples from distinct geographic regions within northeastern Brazil, including indoor cultivated samples. The multi-element quantification was determined using inductively-coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and the data were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and subsequently, multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). The results of the multi-element concentration of cannabis plant samples were also subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA) and an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The cannabis plant samples from the Marihuana Polygon could be clearly separated from those cultivated indoors, and the distance between them was detectable. The MDA revealed that phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, selenium, and arsenic concentrations were used as variables for this separation. Our results demonstrate that multi-element composition analysis can be used to indicate the origin or cultivation location of cannabis plants. Routine laboratory analyses consisting of multi-element composition combined with statistical analyses provide a reliable tool by which C. sativa movement, cultivation, and interdiction efforts in Brazil may be assessed.
大麻多边形生产的大麻供应巴西东北部地区，占全国市场的 30%。室内种植的国际趋势也在巴西发生，巴西联邦警察（BFP）一直在增加通过邮件发送的大麻种子的逮捕。本工作旨在评估不同大麻植物部分和土壤样本的多元素组成的实用性，这些植物样本用于确定其地理起源。统计工具应用于巴西东北部不同地理区域的大麻样本的分类，包括室内种植的样本。多元素定量使用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）确定，数据通过 Kruskal-Wallis H 检验和随后的多元判别分析（MDA）进行比较。还对大麻植物样本的多元素浓度进行主成分分析（PCA）和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）。Marihuana Polygon 的大麻植物样本可以与室内种植的样本清楚地区分，并且可以检测到它们之间的距离。MDA 表明，磷、钙、镁、硒和砷浓度可用作这种分离的变量。我们的结果表明，多元素组成分析可用于指示大麻植物的起源或种植地点。由多元素组成和统计分析组成的常规实验室分析提供了一种可靠的工具，可以评估巴西 C. sativa 的运动、种植和拦截工作。
