Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 25;21(17):6131. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176131.
Yeast-like fungi from the genus are predominantly harmless commensals that colonize human skin and mucosal surfaces, but under conditions of impaired host immune system change into dangerous pathogens. The pathogenicity of these fungi is typically accompanied by increased adhesion and formation of complex biofilms, making candidal infections challenging to treat. Although a variety of antifungal drugs have been developed that preferably attack the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane, these pathogens have acquired novel defense mechanisms that make them resistant to standard treatment. This causes an increase in the incidence of candidiasis and enforces the urgent need for an intensified search for new specifics that could be helpful, alone or synergistically with traditional drugs, for controlling pathogenicity. Currently, numerous reports have indicated the effectiveness of plant metabolites as potent antifungal agents. These substances have been shown to inhibit growth and to alter the virulence of different species in both the planktonic and hyphal form and during the biofilm formation. This review focuses on the most recent findings that provide evidence of decreasing candidal pathogenicity by different substances of plant origin, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms of their action. This is a particularly important issue in the light of the currently increasing frequency of emerging strains and species resistant to standard antifungal treatment.
酵母样真菌主要是无害的共生菌，定植于人体皮肤和黏膜表面，但在宿主免疫系统受损的情况下，它们会变成危险的病原体。这些真菌的致病性通常伴随着黏附和形成复杂生物膜的能力增强，使得念珠菌感染难以治疗。尽管已经开发出了多种优选攻击真菌细胞壁和质膜的抗真菌药物，但这些病原体已经获得了新的防御机制，使它们对标准治疗产生了耐药性。这导致了念珠菌病的发病率增加，并迫切需要加强寻找新的特异性物质的研究，这些物质可以单独或与传统药物协同作用，有助于控制致病性。目前，大量报告表明植物代谢物作为有效的抗真菌剂。这些物质已被证明可以抑制不同种属的浮游生物和菌丝形式以及生物膜形成过程中的生长，并改变其毒力。本综述重点介绍了最近的发现，这些发现提供了证据表明，不同来源的植物物质可以降低念珠菌的致病性，特别强调了它们作用的机制。鉴于目前出现的对抗真菌标准治疗耐药的新型菌株和种属的频率不断增加，这是一个特别重要的问题。
