Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Department of Urology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):86-93. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000001336. Epub 2020 Aug 28.
The dogma that urine is sterile has been overturned and dysbiosis of the urinary microbiome has been linked to many urological disorders. We tested the hypothesis that the urinary microbial composition may be different between men with or without bladder cancer in catheter collected urines, bladder washouts and midstream voided urines, and may be dependent on tumor staging.
Liquid samples were collected from male patients with bladder cancer, and sex and age matched nonneoplastic controls. Total DNA was extracted and processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis for microbial classification was performed to assess diversity and variations.
The urinary microbiome associated with catheter collected urine samples of patients with bladder cancer was characterized by a significantly increased abundance of (p=0.04) and (p=0.03), and decreased (p=0.03) compared to controls, with differences exacerbating with disease progression. Compared to catheterized urines, bladder cancer washouts showed the specific increase of some taxa, like (p=0.014), whereas midstream urines were enriched in (p <0.0001), (p <0.0001), (p=0.038) and (p <0.0001).
The bladder is colonized by endogenous bacteria and microbial modifications characterize the microbiome of patients with bladder cancer. Different microbial compositions can be characterized by changing sampling strategy. These results pave the way for exploring new diagnostic and therapeutic options based on the manipulation of the bacterial community.
尿液无菌的教条已被推翻，尿液微生物组的失调与许多泌尿科疾病有关。我们检验了这样一个假设，即在导管采集的尿液、膀胱冲洗液和中段尿样中，患有膀胱癌的男性和不患有膀胱癌的男性的尿液微生物组成可能不同，且这种差异可能依赖于肿瘤分期。
从患有膀胱癌的男性患者和性别及年龄匹配的非肿瘤对照者中采集液体样本。提取总 DNA 并进行 16S rRNA 基因测序。采用生物信息学分析进行微生物分类，以评估多样性和变化。
与膀胱癌患者的导管采集尿液样本相关的尿液微生物组，其特征是 （p=0.04）和 （p=0.03）的丰度显著增加，而 （p=0.03）则减少，且随着疾病进展，这些差异加剧。与导管采集的尿液相比，膀胱癌冲洗液显示出某些分类群的特异性增加，如 （p=0.014），而中段尿液则富含 （p<0.0001）、 （p<0.0001）、 （p=0.038）和 （p<0.0001）。
膀胱被内源性细菌定植，微生物改变特征描述了膀胱癌患者的微生物组。通过改变采样策略，可以对不同的微生物组成进行特征描述。这些结果为探索基于细菌群落操纵的新诊断和治疗方法铺平了道路。
