Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2020 Dec;153:106945. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106945. Epub 2020 Aug 28.
The Neotropical fish family Serrasalmidae comprises 16 extant genera and 101 species widespread through major Neotropical rivers with relevant importance for regional fisheries and aquaculture. The monophyly of Serrasalmidae and the recognition of three main clades are recurrent between morphological and molecular phylogenies. However, both intergeneric and interspecific relationships within each of those clades remain uncertain. Here, we used 81 terminals of 69 species (68%) and all 16 genera of Serrasalmidae to sequence 1553 loci of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), multiple nuclear loci widely applied in phylogenetic studies, and performed maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and species tree analyses. We obtained highly supported phylogenies in all applied methods corroborating the monophyly of Serrasalmidae and the three-clade hypotheses herein proposed as two subfamilies and two tribes: (Colossomatinae (Serrasalminae (Myleini + Serrasalmini))). Morphological features for each subfamily involve the absence (Colossomatinae) or presence (Serrasalminae) of a pre-dorsal spine. Morphological diagnoses among tribes include the pre-dorsal spine being continuous (Myleini) or discontinuous (Serrasalmini) relative to the first unbranched dorsal-fin ray. Our results highlight the complexity of the relationships especially the non-monophyly of Myleus, Mylesinus, Myloplus, Tometes, and Utiaritichthys within Myleini, as well as of Serrasalmus and Pristobrycon within Serrasalmini.
锯脂鲤科鱼类包括 16 个现存属和 101 个种，广泛分布于主要的新热带河流中，对区域渔业和水产养殖具有重要意义。锯脂鲤科鱼类的单系性和三个主要分支的识别在形态学和分子系统发育学中反复出现。然而，这些分支内的属间和种间关系仍然不确定。在这里，我们使用了 81 个 69 种（68%）的终端和锯脂鲤科的所有 16 个属来对超保守元素（UCEs）的 1553 个位点进行测序，这是广泛应用于系统发育研究的多个核基因座，并进行了最大似然法、贝叶斯法和种系发生树分析。我们在所有应用的方法中都获得了高度支持的系统发育，证实了锯脂鲤科鱼类的单系性和本文提出的三分支假说，即两个亚科和两个部落：（Colossomatinae (Serrasalminae (Myleini + Serrasalmini)))。每个亚科的形态特征包括前背刺的缺失（Colossomatinae）或存在（Serrasalminae）。在部落之间的形态学诊断包括前背刺相对于第一根无分支背鳍射线连续（Myleini）或不连续（Serrasalmini）。我们的结果突出了关系的复杂性，特别是 Myleus、Mylesinus、Myloplus、Tometes 和 Utiaritichthys 在 Myleini 中的非单系性，以及 Serrasalmus 和 Pristobrycon 在 Serrasalmini 中的非单系性。
