University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, 491 Farish Hall, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, 491 Farish Hall, Houston, TX 77204, USA; University of Houston, HEALTH Research Institute, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
Addict Behav. 2021 Jan;112:106610. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106610. Epub 2020 Aug 16.
Pain and cigarette smoking are reciprocally related. Domiciled smokers with higher anxiety sensitivity (AS) - the fear of behaviors/sensations associated with the experience of anxiety - consume more cigarettes and report greater tobacco dependence than smokers with lower AS. AS treatment can reduce chronic pain and facilitate smoking cessation. Here, we examine the potentially moderating role of AS in the association between past-month pain (PMP) and heaviness of smoking (HS) among smokers experiencing homelessness.
Participants (N = 461; 64.9% men, M = 43.1 ± 11.8) were smokers recruited from 6 homeless serving agencies in Oklahoma City, OK. Participants self-reported the presence and severity of PMP ("How much bodily pain have you had during the past four weeks?"), HS was measured via the heaviness of smoking index (HSI), and AS was measured via the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-III (ASI-III) and its 3 subscales: physical, cognitive, and social concerns. Linear regressions were used to examine potential ASI moderation controlling for age, sex, race, education, health insurance, perceived stress, and major depression.
ASI-III total, cognitive, and physical concerns each significantly moderated associations of PMP and HSI (ps < 0.05), whereas social concerns did not. Individuals with high AS had greater cigarette dependence as PMP values increased.
Similar to research with domiciled smokers, current results suggest that smokers experiencing homelessness who have high AS may benefit from AS-based interventions to reduce the association between PMP and HS, which may facilitate smoking cessation among this vulnerable group.
疼痛和吸烟是相互关联的。与焦虑敏感性（AS）较低的吸烟者相比，焦虑敏感（AS）较高的有住所吸烟者对行为/感觉与焦虑体验相关的恐惧程度更高，吸烟量更大，烟草依赖程度更高。AS 治疗可以减轻慢性疼痛并促进戒烟。在这里，我们研究了 AS 在无家可归的吸烟者中过去一个月的疼痛（PMP）和吸烟量（HS）之间的关联中的潜在调节作用。
参与者（N=461；64.9%为男性，M=43.1±11.8）是从俄克拉荷马城的 6 个为无家可归者提供服务的机构中招募的吸烟者。参与者自我报告过去四周内身体疼痛的存在和严重程度（“过去四周内您有多少身体疼痛？”），HS 通过吸烟量指数（HSI）进行测量，AS 通过焦虑敏感性指数-III（ASI-III）及其 3 个分量表进行测量：身体、认知和社会关注。使用线性回归来检查 ASI 调节的潜在作用，控制年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、健康保险、感知压力和重度抑郁症。
ASI-III 总分、认知和身体担忧都显著调节了 PMP 和 HSI 的关联（p<0.05），而社会担忧则没有。随着 PMP 值的增加，AS 较高的个体对香烟的依赖程度越大。
与 domiciled 吸烟者的研究相似，目前的结果表明，有住所的无家可归的吸烟者，如果 AS 较高，可能会从基于 AS 的干预中受益，以减少 PMP 和 HS 之间的关联，这可能有助于这一弱势群体戒烟。
