Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States.
J Biomech. 2020 Oct 9;111:109999. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109999. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
The design of inclined sleep products may be associated with an increased risk of suffocation when an infant finds themselves prone in the product. It is important to understand how different inclined sleep surface angles impact infants' muscle activity when considering a safe sleep environment. The purpose of this study was to assess muscle activity of healthy infants when they lie supine and prone on different inclined crib mattress surfaces (0° vs. 10° vs. 20°). Fifteen healthy infants were recruited for this study. Surface EMG was recorded from cervical paraspinal, abdominal, lumbar erector spinae, and triceps muscles for 60 s during supine and prone positioning. Repeated measures ANOVAs and Bonferroni post-hoc adjustments were performed to test the effect of incline angles. Paired t-tests were performed to test the effect of position (supine vs. prone). During prone lying, abdominal muscle activity increased by 33% and 71% for 10° and 20° compared to 0°, while erector spinae and triceps muscle activity decreased for 20° compared to 0°. Lumbar erector spinae and cervical paraspinal muscle activity increased by 185% and 283% for prone compared to supine lying. During prone positioning, the 20° inclined surface resulted in significantly higher muscle activity of the trunk core muscles (abdominals), which may exacerbate fatigue and contribute to suffocation if an infant cannot self-correct to the supine position. Compared to supine positioning, prone lying requires higher musculoskeletal effort to maintain a safe posture to prevent suffocation, and babies likely fatigue faster when lying prone.
当婴儿在产品中发现自己处于俯卧位时，倾斜睡眠产品的设计可能会增加窒息的风险。在考虑安全的睡眠环境时，了解不同的倾斜睡眠表面角度如何影响婴儿的肌肉活动非常重要。本研究的目的是评估健康婴儿仰卧位和俯卧位在不同倾斜婴儿床床垫表面（0°、10°、20°）时的肌肉活动。本研究招募了 15 名健康婴儿。在仰卧位和俯卧位时，使用表面肌电图记录 60 秒颈椎旁棘突肌、腹部、腰椎竖脊肌和肱三头肌的肌肉活动。采用重复测量方差分析和 Bonferroni 事后调整检验倾斜角度的影响。采用配对 t 检验检验体位（仰卧位与俯卧位）的影响。在俯卧位时，与 0°相比，10°和 20°时腹部肌肉活动分别增加了 33%和 71%，而竖脊肌和肱三头肌活动在 20°时比 0°时减少了。与仰卧位相比，俯卧位时腰椎竖脊肌和颈椎旁棘突肌的肌肉活动增加了 185%和 283%。在俯卧位时，20°倾斜表面导致躯干核心肌肉（腹部）的肌肉活动显著增加，如果婴儿不能自行恢复到仰卧位，这可能会加剧疲劳并导致窒息。与仰卧位相比，俯卧位需要更高的肌肉骨骼努力来保持安全姿势以防止窒息，并且婴儿俯卧时可能会更快疲劳。
