Uwimbabazi Moreen, Rothman Jessica M, Basuta Gilbert I, Machanda Zarin P, Conklin-Brittain Nancy L, Wrangham Richard W
Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University.
Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York.
Afr J Ecol. 2019 Dec;57(4):454-465. doi: 10.1111/aje.12636. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
Daily energy intake of adult female mammals is influenced by environmental conditions and physiological requirements, including reproduction. We examined the effects of fruit availability on macronutrient and metabolisable energy intake by adult female chimpanzees () of the Kanyawara community in Kibale National Park, Uganda from January 2014 through June 2015. Drupe fruits were abundant for four months, whereas the other fourteen months were dominated by fig fruits. The mean daily intake of food (dry matter) and metabolisable energy, did not differ between drupe-months and fig-months. However, foraging costs were higher during fig-months, as indicated by a 20% increase in feeding time. Furthermore, during drupe-months female chimpanzees ingested more water-soluble carbohydrates and lipids, and less available protein and neutral detergent fibre. Although metabolisable energy intake did not differ consistently between drupe-months and fig-months, they consumed more on days when ripe fruit dominated the diet than when leaves and pithy stems dominated the diet. Our data suggest that differences in diet quality between drupes and figs can have important effects on frugivore foraging, and that they influence net energy gain more by their effects on macronutrient composition or foraging cost than by their direct impact on energy intake.
成年雌性哺乳动物的每日能量摄入量受环境条件和生理需求（包括繁殖）的影响。我们研究了2014年1月至2015年6月期间，乌干达基巴莱国家公园卡尼亚瓦拉社区成年雌性黑猩猩的水果供应量对常量营养素和可代谢能量摄入的影响。核果类水果丰富的时期持续了四个月，而其他14个月则以无花果为主。核果类水果丰富的月份和无花果为主的月份之间，食物（干物质）的平均每日摄入量和可代谢能量并无差异。然而，无花果为主的月份觅食成本更高，进食时间增加了20%就表明了这一点。此外，在核果类水果丰富的月份，雌性黑猩猩摄入了更多的水溶性碳水化合物和脂质，而可利用蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维较少。虽然核果类水果丰富的月份和无花果为主的月份之间可代谢能量摄入量并非始终存在差异，但它们在成熟果实占饮食主导的日子里比在树叶和髓质茎占饮食主导的日子里消耗更多。我们的数据表明，核果和无花果之间的饮食质量差异可能对食果动物的觅食产生重要影响，而且它们对净能量获取的影响更多地体现在对常量营养素组成或觅食成本的影响上，而非对能量摄入的直接影响。
