Zhao Rui, Zhao Yaohui
School of Economics, Southwest University of Political Science and, Law No. 301, Baosheng Ave, Yubei District, Chongqing 401120 China.
National School of Development, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871 China.
Fem Econ. 2018;24(2):218-239. doi: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1411601. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
China has had a large gender gap in labor force participation, sectors of employment, and earnings. This study shows that disadvantages in the labor market for women are the primary drivers of the gender pension gap. Among people age 60 and older, women receive about half of the amount of men's social pensions. Using the 2013 wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the CHARLS Life History Survey of 2014, this contribution has three main findings. First, about three-quarters of the deficit in women's pensions is explained by women's lower likelihood of receiving occupational pensions, and one-third is due to smaller benefits when they do receive them. Second, the gender deficit in receiving an occupational pension can be explained by education level and employment sector. Third, among pension recipients, nearly one-third of the gender benefit gap is explained by women's fewer years of employment and lower salaries.
中国在劳动力参与率、就业部门和收入方面存在巨大的性别差距。这项研究表明，劳动力市场中女性面临的劣势是养老金性别差距的主要驱动因素。在60岁及以上的人群中，女性领取的社会养老金约为男性的一半。利用2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）以及2014年CHARLS生活史调查，本文有三个主要发现。第一，女性养老金缺口的约四分之三可归因于女性获得职业养老金的可能性较低，三分之一是由于她们领取职业养老金时福利较少。第二，领取职业养老金方面的性别差距可由教育水平和就业部门来解释。第三，在养老金领取者中，近三分之一的性别福利差距可归因于女性就业年限较少和工资较低。
