丧偶对健康结果的性别差异影响：来自中国健康与养老追踪调查的证据，2011-2015。
Gender differential impact of bereavement on health outcomes: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2011-2015.
机构信息
College of Public Health University of Georgia, Wright Hall 305B, 100 Foster Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 22;20(1):514. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02916-2.
BACKGROUND
Bereavement is the experience of an individual following the death of a person of significance to the individual, most often referring to the spouse. Increased morbidity, health care utilization, and mortality are known to be associated with bereavement. Given China's growing population of older adults, there is a critical need to assess the health consequences of bereavement.
METHOD
We use data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to examine the impact of bereavement on mental health and quality of life among a sample of mid- and older-aged adults. We use propensity score matching to construct a matching sample and difference-in-differences method to estimate the impact of bereavement on mental health and self-assessed health.
RESULTS
We find bereavement is associated with increased depression symptoms among women (1.542 point or 0.229 standard deviations of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) 10 score) but not consistently for men over time. No statistically significant effect of bereavement on self-assessed health is found.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results show a harmful impact of bereavement on mental health among older women in China and point to the need for a comprehensive policy on survivor benefits in China, particularly for rural older women.
背景
丧亲是指个体在失去对其有重要意义的人（通常指配偶）后的经历。丧亲与发病率增加、医疗保健利用增加和死亡率增加有关。鉴于中国老年人口不断增加，迫切需要评估丧亲对健康的影响。
方法
我们使用中国健康与退休纵向研究的数据，考察了在中年和老年成年人样本中，丧亲对心理健康和生活质量的影响。我们使用倾向评分匹配构建匹配样本，并使用差分差异法估计丧亲对心理健康和自我评估健康的影响。
结果
我们发现丧亲与女性抑郁症状增加有关（增加 1.542 点或 0.229 个标准偏差的流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）10 评分），但男性在不同时间的结果并不一致。丧亲对自我评估健康没有统计学上的显著影响。
结论
我们的结果表明，在中国，丧亲对老年女性的心理健康有不良影响，这表明中国需要制定全面的遗属福利政策，特别是针对农村老年女性。
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