Nwawuba Stanley Udogadi, Mohammed Khadija Abdullahi, Bukola Adams Tajudeen, Omusi Precious Imose, Ayevbuomwan Davidson Esewi
Centre for Forensic Programmes and DNA Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Malays J Med Sci. 2020 Jul;27(4):22-35. doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.3. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
Short tandem repeat (STR) typing continues to be the primary workhorse in forensic DNA profiling. Therefore, the present review discusses the prominent role of STR marker in criminal justice system. All over the world, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling provides evidence that may be used to convict criminals, as an irrefutable proof of wrongful convictions, invaluable links to the actual perpetrators of crimes, and could also deter some offenders from committing more serious offences. Clearly, DNA profiling tools have also aided forensic scientists to re-evaluate old cases that were considered closed as a result of inadequate evidence. In carrying out this review, a comprehensive electronic literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Google Search were used, and all works meeting the subject matter were considered, including reviews, retrospective studies, observational studies and original articles. Case reports presented here, further demonstrates the crucial role of forensic DNA profiling in mitigating and providing compelling evidence for the resolution of crimes. For case report 1, there was a 100% match between the DNA recovered from the items found in the crime scene, and the suspect's DNA sample collected via buccal swab following 15 STR loci examination. Case report 2 further highlights the indispensable contribution of DNA database in solving crime. Therefore, it has become very necessary for developing countries like Nigeria to develop a national DNA database and make policies and legislatures that will further expand and enable the practice of forensic genetics, particularly DNA profiling.
短串联重复序列（STR）分型仍然是法医DNA分析中的主要手段。因此，本综述讨论了STR标记在刑事司法系统中的重要作用。在世界各地，脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）分析提供的证据可用于定罪罪犯，作为无可辩驳的错判证据、与实际犯罪者的宝贵联系，还可以威慑一些罪犯不再实施更严重的犯罪。显然，DNA分析工具也帮助法医科学家重新评估了一些因证据不足而被视为结案的旧案。在进行本综述时，我们使用PubMed、ScienceDirect、谷歌学术和谷歌搜索进行了全面的电子文献检索，并考虑了所有符合主题的作品，包括综述、回顾性研究、观察性研究和原创文章。此处呈现的案例报告进一步证明了法医DNA分析在减轻犯罪影响和为解决犯罪提供有力证据方面的关键作用。在案例报告1中，经过15个STR位点检测，从犯罪现场发现的物品上提取的DNA与通过口腔拭子采集的嫌疑人DNA样本100%匹配。案例报告2进一步强调了DNA数据库在破案中的不可或缺的作用。因此，像尼日利亚这样的发展中国家非常有必要建立一个国家DNA数据库，并制定政策和法规，以进一步扩大和推动法医遗传学的实践，特别是DNA分析。
