Rajasurya Venkat, Gunasekaran Kulothungan, Surani Salim
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Novant Health System, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, United States.
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, CT 06610, United States.
World J Diabetes. 2020 Aug 15;11(8):351-357. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i8.351.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease and its prevalence has been steadily increasing all over the world. DM and its associated micro and macrovascular complications result in significant morbidity and mortality. The microvascular complications are usually manifested as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and macrovascular complications generally affect the cardiovascular system. In addition to these complications, DM also affects the lungs because of its rich vascularity and abundance in connective tissue (collagen and elastin). DM has been found to cause microvascular complications and proliferation of extracellular connective tissue in the lungs, leading to decline in lung function in a restrictive pattern. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a diverse group of disease conditions characterized by different degrees of inflammation and fibrosis in the pulmonary parenchyma. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the common type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a high mortality rate. IPF is characterized by chronic progressive fibrosis leading to progressive respiratory failure. In this review we focus on lung as the target organ in DM and the association of DM and ILD with special emphasis on IPF.
糖尿病（DM）是一种慢性代谢性疾病，其在全球的患病率一直在稳步上升。糖尿病及其相关的微血管和大血管并发症会导致显著的发病率和死亡率。微血管并发症通常表现为视网膜病变、神经病变、肾病，而大血管并发症一般会影响心血管系统。除了这些并发症外，由于肺血管丰富且结缔组织（胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白）含量高，糖尿病也会影响肺部。已发现糖尿病会导致肺部微血管并发症和细胞外结缔组织增生，从而导致肺功能呈限制性模式下降。间质性肺疾病（ILD）包括多种疾病状态，其特征是肺实质存在不同程度的炎症和纤维化。特发性肺纤维化（IPF）是特发性间质性肺炎的常见类型之一死亡率很高。IPF的特征是慢性进行性纤维化，导致进行性呼吸衰竭。在本综述中，我们重点关注糖尿病中的肺作为靶器官以及糖尿病与间质性肺疾病的关联，特别强调特发性肺纤维化。
