Cahall Calvin F, Kaur Aman Preet, Davis Kara A, Pham Jonathan T, Shin Hainsworth Y, Berron Brad J
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
Bioprinting. 2020 Jun;18. doi: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00072. Epub 2019 Dec 25.
As the demand for organ transplants continues to grow faster than the supply of available donor organs, a new source of functional organs is needed. High resolution high throughput 3D bioprinting is one approach towards generating functional organs for transplantation. For high throughput printing, the need for increased print resolutions (by decreasing printing nozzle diameter) has a consequence: it increases the forces that cause cell damage during the printing process. Here, a novel cell encapsulation method provides mechanical protection from complete lysis of individual living cells during extrusion-based bioprinting. Cells coated in polymers possessing the mechanical properties finely-tuned to maintain size and shape following extrusion, and these encapsulated cells are protected from mechanical lysis. However, the shear forces imposed on the cells during extrusion still cause sufficient damage to compromise the cell membrane integrity and adversely impact normal cellular function. Cellular damage occurred during the extrusion process independent of the rapid depressurization.
由于器官移植的需求增长速度持续快于可用供体器官的供应速度，因此需要一种新的功能性器官来源。高分辨率高通量3D生物打印是生成用于移植的功能性器官的一种方法。对于高通量打印，提高打印分辨率（通过减小打印喷嘴直径）的需求带来了一个后果：它增加了在打印过程中导致细胞损伤的力。在此，一种新颖的细胞封装方法为基于挤出的生物打印过程中单个活细胞的完全裂解提供了机械保护。涂覆在具有经过精细调整以在挤出后保持尺寸和形状的机械性能的聚合物中的细胞，并且这些封装的细胞受到保护以免于机械裂解。然而，在挤出过程中施加在细胞上的剪切力仍然会造成足够的损伤，从而损害细胞膜的完整性并对正常细胞功能产生不利影响。挤出过程中发生的细胞损伤与快速减压无关。
