Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
Clinical Department for Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
Nutrients. 2020 Aug 27;12(9):2601. doi: 10.3390/nu12092601.
Iron is an essential element that participates in numerous cellular processes. Any disruption of iron homeostasis leads to either iron deficiency or iron overload, which can be detrimental for humans' health, especially in elderly. Each of these changes contributes to the faster development of many neurological disorders or stimulates progression of already present diseases. Age-related cellular and molecular alterations in iron metabolism can also lead to iron dyshomeostasis and deposition. Iron deposits can contribute to the development of inflammation, abnormal protein aggregation, and degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to the progressive decline in cognitive processes, contributing to pathophysiology of stroke and dysfunctions of body metabolism. Besides, since iron plays an important role in both neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, dietary iron homeostasis should be considered with caution. Recently, there has been increased interest in sex-related differences in iron metabolism and iron homeostasis. These differences have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review we will discuss the latest discoveries in iron metabolism, age-related changes, along with the sex differences in iron content in serum and brain, within the healthy aging population and in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke.
铁是一种必需元素，参与众多细胞过程。铁稳态的任何破坏都会导致铁缺乏或铁过载，这对人类健康，特别是老年人的健康是有害的。这些变化中的每一种都会加速许多神经紊乱的发展，或刺激已存在疾病的进展。与年龄相关的铁代谢的细胞和分子改变也会导致铁动态平衡紊乱和沉积。铁沉积物可导致炎症、中枢神经系统（CNS）中异常蛋白质聚集和退化的发展，导致认知过程逐渐下降，促成中风的病理生理学和身体代谢功能障碍。此外，由于铁在神经保护和神经退行性变中都起着重要作用，因此应该谨慎考虑饮食中铁的动态平衡。最近，人们对铁代谢和铁动态平衡中的性别差异产生了越来越大的兴趣。这些差异尚未得到充分阐明。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论铁代谢、与年龄相关的变化以及健康衰老人群和多发性硬化症、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病和中风等神经紊乱中血清和大脑中铁含量的性别差异方面的最新发现。
