Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
Biomolecules. 2020 Aug 27;10(9):1245. doi: 10.3390/biom10091245.
Cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) and cysteine polysulfides (CysSSH, > 1) are cysteine derivatives that have sulfane sulfur atoms bound to cysteine thiol. Advances in analytical methods that detect and quantify persulfides and polysulfides have shown that CysSSH and related species such as glutathione persulfide occur physiologically and are prevalent in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and mammals in vivo. The chemical properties and abundance of these compounds suggest a central role for reactive persulfides in cell-regulatory processes. CysSSH and related species have been suggested to act as powerful antioxidants and cellular protectants and may serve as redox signaling intermediates. It was recently shown that cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is a new cysteine persulfide synthase. In addition, we discovered that CARS is involved in protein polysulfidation that is coupled with translation. Mitochondrial activity in biogenesis and bioenergetics is supported and upregulated by CysSSH derived from mitochondrial CARS. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms of the biosynthesis of CysSSH and related persulfide species, with a particular focus on the roles of CARS. We also review the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of persulfides.
半胱氨酸过硫化物（CysSSH）和半胱氨酸多硫化物（CysSSH，>1）是与半胱氨酸巯基结合的含硫磺酸根原子的半胱氨酸衍生物。检测和定量过硫化物和多硫化物的分析方法的进步表明，CysSSH 和相关物质（如谷胱甘肽过硫化物）在生理上存在，并在原核生物、真核生物和哺乳动物体内普遍存在。这些化合物的化学性质和丰度表明，活性过硫化物在细胞调节过程中起着核心作用。CysSSH 和相关物质已被提议作为强大的抗氧化剂和细胞保护剂，并可能作为氧化还原信号中间体。最近表明，半胱氨酰-tRNA 合成酶（CARS）是一种新的半胱氨酸过硫化物合成酶。此外，我们发现 CARS 参与与翻译偶联的蛋白质多硫化作用。源自线粒体 CARS 的 CysSSH 支持和上调线粒体生物发生和生物能学的线粒体活性。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了 CysSSH 和相关过硫化物物种生物合成的机制，特别关注 CARS 的作用。我们还回顾了过硫化物的抗氧化和抗炎作用。
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