Lyu J, Li H X, Chen Y, Wang C J, Li L M
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Emergency Response, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Aug 10;41(8):1199-1203. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200403-00510.
When wars, major disasters, or epidemics of the infectious diseases occur, existing medical facilities are usually unable to implement timely and effective treatment for patients, or the reception capacity is difficult to meet the surge in demand for health care. The makeshift emergency hospitals are built for patient reception, treatment and even isolation for infectious disease control. The makeshift hospitals have developed and improved in modern times, including mobile field hospitals, field tent hospitals and navy hospital ships equipped with advanced equipment and commonly used for military purposes, or temporary hospitals built in large public buildings and newly built hospitals in support of disaster relief and humanitarian operation. Makeshift hospitals have played an important role in response to many disasters and epidemics globally. This paper briefly summarizes the history, types, and applications of makeshift hospitals in disasters and epidemic responses.
当战争、重大灾难或传染病疫情发生时，现有的医疗设施通常无法为患者提供及时有效的治疗，或者其接纳能力难以满足激增的医疗需求。临时应急医院就是为接收、治疗甚至隔离患者以控制传染病而建造的。临时医院在现代得到了发展和完善，包括配备先进设备、通常用于军事目的的移动野战医院、野战帐篷医院和海军医院船，或者在大型公共建筑中建造的临时医院以及为支持救灾和人道主义行动而新建的医院。临时医院在全球应对许多灾难和疫情中发挥了重要作用。本文简要总结了临时医院在灾害和疫情应对中的历史、类型及应用。
