MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
Mar Environ Res. 2020 Oct;161:105109. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105109. Epub 2020 Aug 15.
Emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals are continuously released to aquatic environments posing a rising threat to marine ecosystems. Yet, monitoring routines and ecotoxicity data on biota worldwide for these substances are lacking. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most prescribed and found pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. The toxicity effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of ibuprofen on primary productivity, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were assessed. Diatom cultures were exposed to 0, 0.8, 3, 40, 100 and 300 μg L ibuprofen concentrations, usually found in the vicinity of wastewater treatment plants and coastal environments. Higher concentrations (100 and 300 μg L) had a negative impact in P. triconutum growth, inhibiting the chloroplastic energy transduction in the electron transport chain resulting in lower energy reaching the PS I (r = -0.55, p < 0.05). In contrast, the mitochondrial electron transport and available energy increased (r = 0.68 and r = 0.85, p < 0.05 respectively), mostly due to enhancements in lipid and protein contents as opposed to reduction of carbohydrates. A general up-regulation of the antioxidant enzymes could contributed to alleviate oxidative stress resulting in the decrease of lipid peroxidation products (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). Canonical analysis of principal components was performed and successfully discriminated exposure groups, with optical data excelling in classifying samples to different ibuprofen concentrations, being potentially used as environmental indicators. Finally, the identified mild to severe effects of ibuprofen on diatoms are likely to be exacerbated by the sustained use of this drug worldwide, underpinning the urgency of evaluating the impacts of this pharmaceutical on coastal and marine trophic webs.
新兴污染物(如药品)不断被排放到水生环境中,对海洋生态系统构成了日益严重的威胁。然而,全世界范围内针对这些物质的监测程序和生物群的生态毒性数据却很缺乏。非甾体抗炎药是在水生环境中最常被发现和使用的药物之一。本研究评估了环境相关浓度的布洛芬对菱形藻初级生产力、氧化应激和脂代谢的毒性效应。将菱形藻培养物暴露于 0、0.8、3、40、100 和 300μg/L 的布洛芬浓度中,这些浓度通常在废水处理厂和沿海环境附近被发现。较高浓度(100 和 300μg/L)对菱形藻的生长有负面影响,抑制了电子传递链中的叶绿体能量转导,导致更少的能量到达 PS I(r=-0.55,p<0.05)。相比之下,线粒体电子传递和可用能量增加(r=0.68 和 r=0.85,p<0.05),主要是由于脂质和蛋白质含量的增加,而不是碳水化合物的减少。抗氧化酶的普遍上调可能有助于减轻氧化应激,从而降低脂质过氧化产物(r=0.77,p<0.05)。主成分分析的典范分析成功地区分了暴露组,光学数据在将样品分类到不同的布洛芬浓度方面表现出色,有可能被用作环境指标。最后,布洛芬对硅藻的轻度至重度影响可能会因这种药物在全世界的持续使用而加剧,这凸显了评估这种药物对沿海和海洋营养网影响的紧迫性。