Islas-Flores Hariz, Manuel Gómez-Oliván Leobardo, Galar-Martínez Marcela, Michelle Sánchez-Ocampo Esmeralda, SanJuan-Reyes Nely, Ortíz-Reynoso Mariana, Dublán-García Octavio
Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, México.
Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n, México, D.F, 11340, México.
Environ Toxicol. 2017 May;32(5):1637-1650. doi: 10.1002/tox.22392. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
Thirty million people worldwide consume each day nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a heterogeneous group of pharmaceuticals used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies report high NSAID concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents, in surface, ground, and drinking water, and in sediments. NSAIDs are also known to induce toxicity on aquatic organisms. However, toxicity in natural ecosystems is not usually the result of exposure to a single substance but to a mixture of toxic agents, yet only a few studies have evaluated the toxicity of mixtures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity induced by diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP), and their mixture on a species of commercial interest, the common carp Cyprinus carpio. The median lethal concentration of IBP and DCF was determined, and oxidative stress was evaluated using the following biomarkers: lipid peroxidation and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Cyto-genotoxicity was evaluated by micronucleus test, comet assay, and the specific activity of caspase-3. Results show that DCF, IBP, and a mixture of these pharmaceuticals induced free radical production, oxidative stress and cyto-genotoxicity in tissues of C. carpio. However, a greater effect was elicited by the mixture than by either pharmaceutical alone in some biomarkers evaluated, particularly in gill. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1637-1650, 2017.
全球每天有3000万人服用非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs），这是一类具有止痛、退热和抗炎特性的异质药物。最近的研究报告称，污水处理厂的废水、地表水、地下水、饮用水以及沉积物中都含有高浓度的NSAIDs。已知NSAIDs会对水生生物产生毒性。然而，自然生态系统中的毒性通常不是由单一物质暴露引起的，而是由多种有毒物质混合造成的，但只有少数研究评估了混合物的毒性。本研究的目的是评估双氯芬酸（DCF）、布洛芬（IBP）及其混合物对一种具有商业价值的物种——鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）的毒性。测定了IBP和DCF的半数致死浓度，并使用以下生物标志物评估氧化应激：脂质过氧化以及抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性。通过微核试验、彗星试验和半胱天冬酶 - 3的比活性评估细胞遗传毒性。结果表明，DCF、IBP以及这些药物的混合物在鲤鱼组织中诱导了自由基产生、氧化应激和细胞遗传毒性。然而，在某些评估的生物标志物中，混合物产生的影响比单独使用任何一种药物都更大，特别是在鳃中。© 2016威利期刊公司。《环境毒理学》32: 1637 - 1650, 2017。
