Faculty of Medicine (McCoy, Harish, Lam) and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (McCoy, Harish), University of Toronto; Layer 6 AI (Smith, Yi), Toronto, Ont.; Cumming School of Medicine (Anchuri, Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Berry, Harish, Rosella) and the Department of Computer Science (Pineda), University of Toronto; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (Pineda); Operational Analytics Lab, Institute for Better Health (Fine), Trillium Health Partners; Department of Medical Imaging (Fine), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
CMAJ Open. 2020 Aug 31;8(3):E545-E553. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20200100. Print 2020 Jul-Sep.
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are the primary tools to mitigate early spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, such policies are implemented variably at the federal, provincial or territorial, and municipal levels without centralized documentation. We describe the development of the comprehensive open Canadian Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention (CAN-NPI) data set, which identifies and classifies all NPIs implemented in regions across Canada in response to COVID-19, and provides an accompanying description of geographic and temporal heterogeneity.
We performed an environmental scan of government websites, news media and verified government social media accounts to identify NPIs implemented in Canada between Jan. 1 and Apr. 19, 2020. The CAN-NPI data set contains information about each intervention's timing, location, type, target population and alignment with a response stringency measure. We conducted descriptive analyses to characterize the temporal and geographic variation in early NPI implementation.
We recorded 2517 NPIs grouped in 63 distinct categories during this period. The median date of NPI implementation in Canada was Mar. 24, 2020. Most jurisdictions heightened the stringency of their response following the World Health Organization's global pandemic declaration on Mar. 11, 2020. However, there was variation among provinces or territories in the timing and stringency of NPI implementation, with 8 out of 13 provinces or territories declaring a state of emergency by Mar. 18, and all by Mar. 22, 2020.
There was substantial geographic and temporal heterogeneity in NPI implementation across Canada, highlighting the importance of a subnational lens in evaluating the COVID-19 pandemic response. Our comprehensive open-access data set will enable researchers to conduct robust interjurisdictional analyses of NPI impact in curtailing COVID-19 transmission.
非药物干预（NPIs）是减轻 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行早期传播的主要工具；然而，这些政策在联邦、省或地区以及市各级的实施情况各不相同，没有集中的文件记录。我们描述了综合开放的加拿大非药物干预（CAN-NPI）数据集的开发，该数据集确定并分类了加拿大各地为应对 COVID-19 而实施的所有 NPI，并提供了地理和时间异质性的伴随描述。
我们对政府网站、新闻媒体和经核实的政府社交媒体账户进行了环境扫描，以确定 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 4 月 19 日期间在加拿大实施的 NPI。CAN-NPI 数据集包含有关每个干预措施的时间、地点、类型、目标人群以及与响应严格性措施的一致性的信息。我们进行了描述性分析，以描述早期 NPI 实施的时间和地理变化。
在此期间，我们记录了 2517 项 NPI，分为 63 个不同类别。加拿大实施 NPI 的中位数日期是 2020 年 3 月 24 日。大多数司法管辖区在 2020 年 3 月 11 日世界卫生组织宣布全球大流行后，加强了应对措施的严格性。然而，各省或地区在 NPI 实施的时间和严格性方面存在差异，13 个省或地区中有 8 个在 2020 年 3 月 18 日宣布进入紧急状态，所有省或地区都在 2020 年 3 月 22 日之前宣布进入紧急状态。
加拿大各地的 NPI 实施存在显著的地理和时间异质性，这突出了在评估 COVID-19 大流行应对措施时从国家以下层面进行评估的重要性。我们全面的开放获取数据集将使研究人员能够对 NPI 遏制 COVID-19 传播的影响进行稳健的跨司法管辖区分析。
