Zahra Talbi F, Janati Idrissi A, Fadil M, El Ouali Lalami A
Laboratory Biotechnology and Preservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000 Fez, Morocco.
Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of Epidemiological and Environmental Health, Regional Health Directorate, EL Ghassani Hospital, Fez 30000, Morocco.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2019;112(5):288-295. doi: 10.3166/bspe-2020-0110.
The epidemiology of leishmaniasis is related with habitat and behavior of the sand fly vector. Each species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) has a specific characteristic of their sites for the development of their immatures. Information on natural breeding sites of phlebotomine sand flies is limited, due to the difficulty of isolation of immature from the soil. This study, realized from May 2014 to September 2014, aimed to determine the effect of properties of soil on behavior and abundance of sand flies in breeding habitat in Aichoun locality. Sand flies were collected using sticky papers (21 × 27.3 cm) coated with castor oil in four stations. The total of traps in each trapping campaign is 32. Soil samples were collected each month and they were extracted and tested. The different chemical parameters have been studied: electrical conductivity, equivalent humidity, total of calcareous, organic matter, assimilable phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium, pH, organic carbon. Statistical analysis was performed by principal component analysis (PCA). The dominant leishmaniasis vectors in Aichoun are Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus perniciosus. A total of 1685 sand flies were collected belonging to five species in the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, namely Ph. sergenti (84.62%), Ph. perniciosus (8.54%), Phlebotomus papatasi (6.17%), Phlebotomus longicuspis (0.35%) and Sergentomyia minuta (0.29%). The chemical tests of potential breeding sites of sand flies, determined for sixteen samples, showed a correlation between the abundance of sand flies (especially the ecological requirements of larval development of the three species incriminated in transmission of the disease of cutaneous leishmaniasis) and the chemical parameters studied. The results found in this work, realized for the first time in Morocco, will be of great contribution to the control program of sand flies vectors at local and national level and as an indicator for the determination of leishmaniasis risk areas as well as to establish effective control strategies.
利什曼病的流行病学与白蛉传播媒介的栖息地和行为有关。每种白蛉（双翅目：毛蠓科）在其未成熟阶段发育的场所都有特定特征。由于从土壤中分离未成熟白蛉存在困难，关于吸血白蛉自然繁殖地的信息有限。本研究于2014年5月至2014年9月开展，旨在确定土壤性质对艾乔恩地区繁殖栖息地中白蛉行为和数量的影响。在四个站点使用涂有蓖麻油的粘纸（21×27.3厘米）收集白蛉。每次诱捕活动中的诱捕器总数为32个。每月采集土壤样本并进行提取和检测。研究了不同的化学参数：电导率、等效湿度、总钙质、有机质、可同化磷、交换性钾、pH值、有机碳。通过主成分分析（PCA）进行统计分析。艾乔恩地区主要的利什曼病传播媒介是塞氏白蛉和有害白蛉。共收集到1685只白蛉，分属于白蛉属和司蛉属的五个物种，即塞氏白蛉（84.62%）、有害白蛉（8.54%）、巴氏白蛉（6.17%）、长喙白蛉（0.35%）和微小司蛉（0.29%）。对16个样本确定的白蛉潜在繁殖地的化学测试表明，白蛉数量（特别是在皮肤利什曼病传播中涉及的三种物种幼虫发育的生态需求）与所研究的化学参数之间存在相关性。这项在摩洛哥首次开展的研究结果，将对地方和国家层面的白蛉传播媒介控制计划做出巨大贡献，并作为确定利什曼病风险区域以及制定有效控制策略的指标。
