Leishmaniasis is a parasitosis caused by parasites of the genus and is transmitted by Phlebotominae sand flies. An entomological survey was carried out in different localities of Zagora Province. Our work allowed us to establish an inventory of sand flies to study potential vectors of leishmaniasis and to compare the composition and the specific abundance of different endemic stations. The sand flies were collected using CDC miniature light traps during the month of July 2019 in the ten studied villages. The results indicate the presence of thirteen species, belonging to the genera and . was the predominant species (46.65%) followed by . (17%), . (11.55%), . (1.53%) and . (1.27%). (0.03%) was rare, and only one female was captured in Ifred. (8.69%) was the most prevalent species in the genus followed closely by . (6.84%). was present with a proportion of (3.86%) followed by . (1.96%). (0.46%), . (0.08%), and . (0.08%) were very limited. , . , . , . , . , . , . , and . are constant species, being present at least in 50% of the stations (occurrence> 50%). Common species (25%-49%) were . and . and rare species were . and . with a very limited distribution (occurrence <12%). The greatest species richness was found in Ksar Mougni and Ifred with the occurrence of 11 species, but overall, it was high (>9 species) in most of the villages. The Shannon-Wiener index was high (' > 1) in eight localities (Ksar Mougni, Tassaouante, Bleida, ZaouiteLeftah, Ifred, Timarighine, Ait Oulahyane, and Ait Ali Ouhassou). The high value of this index is in favor of the ZaouiteLeftah locality (Shannon-Wiener index = 1.679) which is explained by the presence of a stand dominated by . . In order to avoid exposure to infections, a good epidemiological surveillance and vector with rodent control measures must be well maintained. Awareness campaigns are also required and must be conducted for better knowledge of the disease.