Influence of heel design on lower extremity biomechanics and comfort perception in overground running.

The study investigated whether an alteration of the shoe heel curvature would influence lower extremity biomechanics and comfort perception in running. Twenty recreational habitual rearfoot strikers performed five running trials in running shoes with three different heel curvature designs (short-parallel, long-parallel and oblique curvatures). Synchronised force plate and motion capturing systems were used to collect three-dimensional lower extremity joint kinetics and kinematics, followed by subjective comfort perception on the 15 cm Visual Analogue Scale. The results showed that participants wearing oblique and long-parallel curvature shoes exhibited larger initial frontal shoe-ground angle (= 0.003, = 0.016) and ankle inversion angle (= 0.008, 0.032) as well as higher maximum sagittal foot slap velocity (= 0.041, = 0.011) compared with a short-parallel curvature shoe. When wearing the short-parallel curvature shoe, participants had better rearfoot stability perception than the oblique curvature shoes ( = 0.028). These results suggest that the short parallel curvature shoes had better motion control and stability perception than the other two curvature conditions. However, the design of heel curvature seems to have minimal influence on the cushioning related variables in running.