Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, IHE Delft Institute of Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 1;17(17):6355. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176355.
Sanitation infrastructure are not able to cope with the increasing population in low-income countries, which leaves populations exposed to faecal contamination from multiple pathways. This study evaluated public health risk (using SaniPath) in a low-income community during the dry season, to identify the dominant exposure pathways, and compare this data to existing data for the rainy season, questioning the assumption that risk of faecal contamination is higher in the rainy season. SaniPath was used to collect and assess exposure and environmental data, and to generate risk profiles for each pathway. In the dry season the highest exposure frequency was for bathing and street food, exposure frequency generally increased, and seasonal variation was found in five pathways. The highest hazards in the dry season were through contact with drains, soil, and street food. Seasonal variation was found in the contamination of open drains and street food, with higher levels of () in the dry season. Open drains were identified as the most dominant risk pathway in both seasons, but risk was higher in the dry season. This highlights the complex nature of seasonal variation of faecal risk, and questions the assumption that risk is higher in the rainy season.
卫生基础设施无法应对低收入国家不断增长的人口，这使得人们面临多种途径的粪便污染。本研究在旱季评估了低收入社区的公共卫生风险（使用 SaniPath），以确定主要的暴露途径，并将这些数据与雨季的现有数据进行比较，质疑雨季粪便污染风险更高的假设。SaniPath 用于收集和评估暴露和环境数据，并为每个途径生成风险概况。在旱季，洗澡和街头食品的暴露频率最高，暴露频率普遍增加，并且发现了五个途径的季节性变化。旱季最高的危害是通过与排水沟、土壤和街头食品接触。在旱季发现了开放式排水沟和街头食品的污染季节性变化，污染水平更高（）。开放式排水沟在两个季节都是最主要的风险途径，但在旱季风险更高。这突出了粪便风险季节性变化的复杂性，并质疑了雨季风险更高的假设。
