Unit for Biocultural Variation and Obesity, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2020 Dec;74(12):981-987. doi: 10.1136/jech-2020-213930. Epub 2020 Sep 3.
As measured through body mass index (BMI), obesity is more prevalent among upwardly mobile adults than among adults born into middle-class families. Although BMI reflects general adiposity, health risks are more strongly associated with abdominal adiposity. It is therefore important to investigate associations between upward mobility and fat distribution.
A socioepidemiological questionnaire was developed, qualitatively validated and piloted with Oxford BioBank participants. Sex-specific analyses of variance (ANOVA) investigated associations between participant occupational class and adiposity, paternal occupational class and adiposity, and upward occupational mobility and adiposity. The main aim was to observe whether the expected directional effect of adiposity in relation to paternal occupational class would emerge.
280 participants (166 women, 114 men; age 32-67 years) completed the questionnaire. Men with fathers of occupational class 2 or 3 had higher mean BMI, total body fat percentage, android fat mass and android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio than men with fathers of occupational class 1. Women with fathers of occupational class 2 or 3 had higher mean BMI, total body fat percentage, android fat mass and gynoid fat mass than women with fathers of occupational class 1. Among men, upward mobility was not associated with adiposity. Among women, upward mobility was associated with higher total body fat percentage, android fat mass and gynoid fat mass.
The expected directional effect was found, thereby supporting the questionnaire's use. Upward mobility did not appear to change associations between paternal occupational class and participant adiposity. Future research using the socioepidemiological questionnaire should investigate associations between gender, educational mobility, adiposity and health.
根据身体质量指数（BMI）衡量，向上流动的成年人比出身中产阶级家庭的成年人肥胖更为普遍。虽然 BMI 反映了总体肥胖程度，但健康风险与腹部肥胖的关系更为密切。因此，研究向上流动与脂肪分布之间的关联非常重要。
设计了一个社会流行病学问卷，对牛津生物银行参与者进行了定性验证和试点。使用方差分析（ANOVA）对参与者职业类别与肥胖、父亲职业类别与肥胖以及职业向上流动与肥胖之间的关系进行了性别特异性分析。主要目的是观察与父亲职业类别相关的肥胖的预期方向效应是否会出现。
280 名参与者（166 名女性，114 名男性；年龄 32-67 岁）完成了问卷。父亲职业类别为 2 或 3 的男性的 BMI、体脂肪百分比、腹型脂肪质量和腹型与臀型脂肪质量比均高于父亲职业类别为 1 的男性。父亲职业类别为 2 或 3 的女性的 BMI、体脂肪百分比、腹型脂肪质量和臀型脂肪质量均高于父亲职业类别为 1 的女性。在男性中，向上流动与肥胖无关。在女性中，向上流动与更高的体脂肪百分比、腹型脂肪质量和臀型脂肪质量有关。
发现了预期的方向性效应，从而支持了问卷的使用。向上流动似乎并没有改变父亲职业类别与参与者肥胖之间的关联。未来使用社会流行病学问卷的研究应调查性别、教育流动、肥胖与健康之间的关联。
