Ueda Yukina, Chujo Masami
Department of Palliative care center nurse, Shimane University hospital, Izumo 693-8503, Japan and.
Department of Adult and Elderly Nursing, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
Yonago Acta Med. 2020 Aug 20;63(3):173-182. doi: 10.33160/yam.2020.08.005. eCollection 2020 Aug.
The objective of this study was to identify the eating behaviors of patients from 3 months onwards after esophageal surgery. The study was conducted on patients who had been on an oral diet for more than 3 months after the surgery.
Data were collected through interviews and analyzed by a qualitative inductive method based on the Grounded Theory Approach.
The results of the analysis revealed that postoperative esophageal cancer patients go through the following three stages in respect of their eating behavior during the first year after surgery: i) Get used to swallowing, ii) Learning how to cope with the symptoms occurring during eating, by failing and succeeding repeatedly, and iii) building self-management skills in terms of eating behaviors. These were identified as the process through which the patients develop their eating behaviors during the first year after surgery.
The patients first faced the reality of the underlying issue, namely, difficulty in eating after the surgery, with the feeling that they experienced during swallowing in the process of eating. However, they had no choice but to accept the reality and make efforts to devise practical eating behaviors through experience. Then, eventually, they learned that self-management is necessary not only for maintaining a stable eating behavior, but also for sustaining their lives. In the long-term post-operative patient's acquisition of new eating habits, medical staff look back and share their experiences so that they can recognize their altered body without being discouraged. However, it is necessary to continue to support them even after they discharge from the hospital by accepting difficulties in eating behavior.
本研究的目的是确定食管癌手术后3个月起患者的饮食行为。该研究针对术后接受口服饮食超过3个月的患者进行。
通过访谈收集数据，并采用基于扎根理论方法的定性归纳法进行分析。
分析结果显示，食管癌术后患者在术后第一年的饮食行为经历以下三个阶段：i）习惯吞咽，ii）通过反复失败和成功来学习如何应对进食时出现的症状，iii）在饮食行为方面建立自我管理技能。这些被确定为患者术后第一年发展饮食行为的过程。
患者首先面对潜在问题的现实，即术后进食困难，以及进食过程中吞咽时的感受。然而，他们别无选择，只能接受现实，并通过经验努力制定切实可行的饮食行为。然后，最终他们认识到自我管理不仅对于维持稳定的饮食行为是必要的，而且对于维持生命也是必要的。在术后长期患者养成新饮食习惯的过程中，医护人员回顾并分享他们的经验，以便他们能够认识到身体的变化而不气馁。然而，即使患者出院后，也有必要通过接受饮食行为方面的困难来继续支持他们。
