Lacalle Rafael G, Aparicio Juan D, Artetxe Unai, Urionabarrenetxea Erik, Polti Marta A, Soto Manuel, Garbisu Carlos, Becerril José M
Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, E-48940, Leioa, Spain.
Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
Heliyon. 2020 Aug 17;6(8):e04550. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04550. eCollection 2020 Aug.
Gentle Remediation Options (GROs), such as biostimulation, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation and vermiremediation, are cost-effective and environmentally-friendly solutions for soils simultaneously polluted with organic and inorganic compounds. This study assessed the individual and combined effectiveness of GROs in recovering the health of a soil artificially polluted with hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and lindane. A greenhouse experiment was performed using organically-amended non-amended mixed polluted soils. All soils received the following treatments: (i) no treatment; (ii) bioaugmentation with an actinobacteria consortium; (iii) vermiremediation with ; (iv) phytoremediation with ; (v) bioaugmentation + vermiremediation; (vi) bioaugmentation + phytoremediation; and (vii) bioaugmentation + vermiremediation + phytoremediation. Soil health recovery was determined based on Cr(VI) and lindane concentrations, microbial properties and toxicity bioassays with plants and worms. Cr(VI) pollution caused high toxicity, but some GROs were able to partly recover soil health: (i) the organic amendment decreased Cr(VI) concentrations, alleviating toxicity; (ii) the actinobacteria consortium was effective at removing both Cr(VI) and lindane; (iii) and had a positive effect on the removal of pollutants and improved microbial properties. The combination of the organic amendment, , and the actinobacteria consortium was the most effective strategy.
温和修复方案（GROs），如生物刺激、生物强化、植物修复和蚯蚓修复，是同时受到有机和无机化合物污染的土壤具有成本效益且环境友好的解决方案。本研究评估了GROs在恢复人工受六价铬[Cr(VI)]和林丹污染土壤健康方面的单独及联合效果。使用有机改良和未改良的混合污染土壤进行了温室试验。所有土壤接受以下处理：（i）不处理；（ii）用放线菌联合体进行生物强化；（iii）用 进行蚯蚓修复；（iv）用 进行植物修复；（v）生物强化+蚯蚓修复；（vi）生物强化+植物修复；以及（vii）生物强化+蚯蚓修复+植物修复。基于Cr(VI)和林丹浓度、微生物特性以及对植物和蠕虫的毒性生物测定来确定土壤健康恢复情况。Cr(VI)污染导致高毒性，但一些GROs能够部分恢复土壤健康：（i）有机改良降低了Cr(VI)浓度，减轻了毒性；（ii）放线菌联合体在去除Cr(VI)和林丹方面均有效；（iii） 和 对污染物去除有积极影响并改善了微生物特性。有机改良、 、 和放线菌联合体的组合是最有效的策略。
