Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Mar 15;618:347-356. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.334. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Contaminated soils are frequently characterized by the simultaneous presence of organic and inorganic contaminants, as well as a poor biological and nutritional status. Rhizoremediation, the combined use of phytoremediation and bioremediation, has been proposed as a Gentle Remediation Option to rehabilitate multi-contaminated soils. Recently, newer techniques, such as the application of metallic nanoparticles, are being deployed in an attempt to improve traditional remediation options. In order to implement a phytomanagement strategy on calcareous alkaline peri-urban soils simultaneously contaminated with several metals and diesel, we evaluated the effectiveness of Brassica napus L., a profitable crop species, assisted with organic amendment and zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI). A two-month phytotron experiment was carried out using two soils, i.e. amended and unamended with organic matter. Soils were artificially contaminated with Zn, Cu and Cd (1500, 500 and 50mgkg, respectively) and diesel (6000mgkg). After one month of stabilization, soils were treated with nZVI and/or planted with B. napus. The experiment was conducted with 16 treatments resulting from the combination of the following factors: amended/unamended, contaminated/non-contaminated, planted/unplanted and nZVI/no-nZVI. Soil physicochemical characteristics and biological indicators (plant performance and soil microbial properties) were determined at several time points along the experiment. Carbonate content of soils was the crucial factor for metal immobilization and, concomitantly, reduction of metal toxicity. Organic amendment was essential to promote diesel degradation and to improve the health and biomass of B. napus. Soil microorganisms degraded preferably diesel hydrocarbons of biological origin (biodiesel). Plants had a remarkable positive impact on the activity and functional diversity of soil microbial communities. The nZVI were ineffective as soil remediation tools, but did not cause any toxicity. We concluded that rhizoremediation with B. napus combined with an organic amendment is promising for the phytomanagement of calcareous soils with mixed (metals and diesel) contamination.
受污染的土壤通常具有有机和无机污染物的同时存在，以及较差的生物和营养状况。根际修复，即植物修复和生物修复的联合使用，已被提议作为一种温和的修复选择，以修复多污染土壤。最近，新的技术，如金属纳米粒子的应用，正在被部署，以试图改进传统的修复方法。为了在同时受到多种金属和柴油污染的钙质碱性城市周边土壤上实施植物管理策略，我们评估了 Brassica napus L.（一种盈利的作物物种）的有效性，该物种得到了有机改良剂和零价铁纳米粒子（nZVI）的辅助。在使用两种土壤（即添加和未添加有机物的土壤）进行为期两个月的温室实验中，对土壤进行了 Zn、Cu 和 Cd（分别为 1500、500 和 50mgkg）和柴油（6000mgkg）的人工污染。稳定化一个月后，用 nZVI 和/或 Brassica napus 处理土壤。实验采用 16 种处理方式，这些处理方式是通过以下因素的组合得出的：添加/未添加、污染/未污染、种植/未种植和 nZVI/无 nZVI。在实验过程中的几个时间点测定了土壤理化特性和生物指标（植物性能和土壤微生物特性）。土壤碳酸盐含量是金属固定和金属毒性降低的关键因素。有机改良剂对于促进柴油降解和提高 Brassica napus 的健康和生物量至关重要。土壤微生物优先降解生物来源的柴油烃（生物柴油）。植物对土壤微生物群落的活性和功能多样性有显著的积极影响。nZVI 作为土壤修复工具无效，但不会造成任何毒性。我们得出结论，结合有机改良剂的 Brassica napus 根际修复对于钙质土壤中混合（金属和柴油）污染的植物管理具有广阔的前景。
