Climate Impacts Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warszawa, Poland.
Earth Science Institute of Slovak Academy of Science, Dubravska cesta 9, 84005, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Int J Biometeorol. 2021 Sep;65(9):1553-1566. doi: 10.1007/s00484-020-02011-x. Epub 2020 Sep 3.
While general features of mountain climate are well recognised, there is not many research regarded their bioclimatic differentiation. The aim of the present study is to answer the question how different geographical factors: elevation above sea level, physiographical type of area, climate continentality and location of area in relation to the main mountain ridge influence thermal stress in northern Carpathians. To analyse thermal stress in the region, daily meteorological data from 21 stations of national weather networks of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia for the period 1986-2015 were used. Daily data of air temperature, relative humidity, total cloud cover and wind speed at 10 m above ground for 12 UTC were used because they represent midday hours which are mostly used for any human activity. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was applied as a measure of thermal stress. The results show that (1) cold stress significantly increases and heat stress decreases due to rise of altitude, (2) due to climate continentality and physiographical differences between western and eastern parts of northern Carpathians in their eastern edge, the cold stress is more evident than in western one, (3) at southward slopes of Carpathian, heat stress is significantly more frequent then at northward areas.
虽然山区气候的一般特征广为人知，但很少有研究关注其生物气候差异。本研究旨在回答以下问题：不同的地理因素（海拔高度、区域地貌类型、气候大陆性和区域相对于主山脉的位置）如何影响北喀尔巴阡山脉的热应激。为了分析该地区的热应激，使用了波兰、乌克兰和斯洛伐克国家气象网络的 21 个气象站在 1986-2015 年期间的每日气象数据。使用 12 UTC 的每日空气温度、相对湿度、总云量和 10 米高处风速数据，因为它们代表了中午时段，这是大多数人类活动最常用的时间。通用热气候指数 (UTCI) 被用作热应激的衡量标准。结果表明：(1) 由于海拔升高，冷应激显著增加，热应激降低；(2) 由于气候大陆性和北喀尔巴阡山脉东西部的地貌差异，其东部边缘的冷应激比西部更明显；(3) 在喀尔巴阡山脉的南坡，热应激比北坡更频繁。
