National Institute of Environmental Research, Han River Environment Research Center, 42, Dumulmeori-gil 68beon-gil, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do 12585, Republic of Korea.
National Institute of Environmental Research, Han River Environment Research Center, 42, Dumulmeori-gil 68beon-gil, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do 12585, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov 1;741:140486. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140486. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
Eight compounds from three categories of pharmaceuticals [5 antibiotics, 2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and 1 anti-epileptics] were monitored at 24 sites in the tributaries of the Han River watershed in South Korea, 2016. The seasonal occurrence, temporal-spatial variation, potential compound source(s), and a risk assessment of this watershed, which is the largest drinking water source in the country, were investigated. Clarithromycin was detected most frequently (72.2%) with the greatest median concentration (0.151 ± 0.072 μg L), followed by carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole. The seasonality of the pharmaceuticals was observed, with higher concentrations and detection frequencies in spring than in summer and autumn; this was possibly caused by lower levels of microbial activities associated with lower water temperatures than other seasons. In terms of geographical variation, urban areas had higher pharmaceutical concentrations than rural areas, which was attributed to the former's high population density and largest wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) regardless of season. The total concentration and detection frequency of WWTPs were 12.4 and 2.5 times higher in downstream sites than upstream sites, thereby conveying that WWTPs were the main source for the presence of pharmaceuticals in tributaries. According to the results produced from calculations of the risk quotient (RQ) of aquatic organisms, clarithromycin and sulfamethazine were identified as posing relatively high ecological risk (RQ > 1) during the spring that was identified for this study. This study can provide policymakers with scientific support for prioritizing pollutant management and collections of global data on emerging pollutants.
2016 年，在韩国汉江流域的支流 24 个地点监测了三类药物中的 8 种化合物[5 种抗生素、2 种非甾体抗炎药和 1 种抗癫痫药]。调查了该流域（该国最大的饮用水源）的季节性出现、时空变化、潜在化合物来源以及风险评估。克拉霉素的检出频率最高（72.2%），其浓度中位数最高（0.151±0.072μg/L），其次是卡马西平和磺胺甲恶唑。观察到药物的季节性，春季的浓度和检出频率高于夏季和秋季；这可能是由于与其他季节相比，微生物活性较低，水温较低所致。就地理变化而言，城市地区的药物浓度高于农村地区，这归因于前者人口密度较高，尽管季节不同，但其最大的污水处理厂（WWTP）也是如此。下游地点的 WWTP 总浓度和检出频率分别比上游地点高 12.4 倍和 2.5 倍，从而表明 WWTP 是支流中存在药物的主要来源。根据水生生物风险商（RQ）计算结果，克拉霉素和磺胺甲恶唑在本研究确定的春季被认为具有相对高的生态风险（RQ>1）。本研究可以为决策者提供科学支持，以优先考虑污染物管理和收集全球新兴污染物数据。
