具有社会潜力的健康理念：与养老院居民的访谈研究。
A health concept with a social potential: an interview study with nursing home residents.
机构信息
Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Stockholms Sjukhem R&D unit, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2020 Sep 4;20(1):324. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01731-4.
BACKGROUND
A qualitative, interview-based study was embedded in a randomized intervention trial, the Older People Exercise and Nutrition (OPEN) study. Participants in the OPEN study were encouraged to conduct sessions of sit-to-stand (STS) exercises combined with Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) intake. The aim was to describe the older persons' perceptions and experiences of being given the daily opportunity to perform the STS exercise and drink ONS.
METHODS
In-depth interviews were conducted in six nursing homes with the participants using a semi-structured interview guide. One or two individual interviews were performed with each included participant. Twenty-three NH residents (16 women and 7 men) participated in the qualitative study. Their ages ranged between 76 and 96 years, and their Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scored between 8 and 29. The transcribed interviews and field notes written during the visits were analyzed inductively following a constant comparative method described in Grounded Theory.
RESULTS
The exercise and nutritional intervention was described as highly practical by the NH residents, who claimed it also had a social aspect as they felt acknowledged and empowered to engage others in the combined intervention. Experiences of the intervention ranged from neutral to mainly positive and could be sorted into 5 categories: 1. Perceived hopes and expectations, 2. Health-related driving forces, 3. Appreciated daily activities, 4. A concept easy to perform and integrate into daily life, 5. A beneficial health concept for all. The intervention created perceived benefits on various health aspects due to participants feeling energized and stronger. An overall theme was identified as A health concept with a social potential, as participants feel acknowledged and strong enough to help others.
CONCLUSIONS
The intervention was described by participants as a health concept that could potentially be beneficial for a broader spectrum of NH residents. The findings indicate that health concepts, such as STS/ONS, might contribute to a more meaningful day for older people, even vulnerable NH residents approaching the end of life.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT02702037 . Date of trial registration February 26, 2016.
背景
一项基于定性访谈的研究被嵌入到一项随机干预试验——老年人锻炼和营养（OPEN）研究中。OPEN 研究中的参与者被鼓励进行坐站（STS）运动结合口服营养补充（ONS）摄入。目的是描述老年人对每天有机会进行 STS 运动和饮用 ONS 的看法和体验。
方法
在六家养老院对参与者进行深入访谈，使用半结构化访谈指南。对每位纳入的参与者进行一次或两次单独访谈。23 名 NH 居民（16 名女性和 7 名男性）参加了这项定性研究。他们的年龄在 76 到 96 岁之间，他们的 Mini 精神状态检查（MMSE）评分在 8 到 29 之间。访谈的转录和在访问期间写的现场笔记根据扎根理论中描述的恒定性比较方法进行了归纳分析。
结果
NH 居民将锻炼和营养干预描述为非常实用，他们还认为干预具有社交方面的作用，因为他们感到被认可并有权让其他人参与联合干预。干预的体验从中性到主要是积极的，可以分为 5 类：1. 感知的希望和期望；2. 与健康相关的驱动力；3. 感激日常活动；4. 一个易于执行和融入日常生活的概念；5. 有益于所有人健康的概念。由于参与者感到精力充沛和更强壮，干预对各种健康方面产生了感知的好处。一个总体主题是识别为具有社会潜力的健康概念，因为参与者感到被认可并有足够的力量来帮助他人。
结论
参与者将干预描述为一种健康概念，对更广泛的 NH 居民群体可能有益。研究结果表明，STS/ONS 等健康概念可能有助于老年人，甚至是接近生命尽头的脆弱 NH 居民，过上更有意义的一天。
试验注册
ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符：NCT02702037。试验注册日期 2016 年 2 月 26 日。
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