Laboratoire de simulation et modélisation du mouvement, Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Montreal, QC, Canada; Laboratoire de recherche sur le geste musicien, Université de Montréal, Faculté de musique, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Music Media and Technology, McGill University, Schulich School of Music, Montreal, QC, Canada.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2020 Oct;54:102459. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102459. Epub 2020 Aug 28.
Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in pianists can lead to the cessation of performance-related activities. A better understanding of the impact of performance parameters on muscle activities could help improve prevention of pianists' PRMDs. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of touch and articulation (two performance parameters) on muscle activity and to compare analysis based on scalar and time-history values. Activity of nine upper-limb muscles were recorded in 12 professional classical pianists during the performance of slow-paced isolated keystrokes using pressed and struck touch and staccato and tenuto articulation. A two-way (touch and articulation) ANOVA with repeated measures was performed on time history and single-point values of muscle activations. Pressed touch prime mover muscle was the triceps brachii while struck touch entailed progressive deactivation of anti-gravity muscles before the keystroke. Compared to tenuto articulation, staccato articulation induced a muscular burst on shoulder muscles. Our results suggest that warm-up routines aiming to prevent PRMDs should integrate different types of touch and articulation. Staccato articulation appears however to be an important risk factor of PRMDs located at the shoulder structure. Temporal analysis was a more reliable tool to interpret pianists' muscle activity during keystrokes.
钢琴演奏相关肌肉骨骼疾病（PRMD）可导致与演奏相关的活动停止。更好地了解演奏参数对肌肉活动的影响有助于改善对钢琴家 PRMD 的预防。本研究旨在评估触键和发音（两个演奏参数）对肌肉活动的影响，并比较基于标量和时间历程值的分析。在使用按下和敲击触键以及断奏和保持音发音进行慢节奏孤立按键演奏期间，记录了 12 位专业古典钢琴家的九块上肢肌肉的活动。对肌肉激活的时间历程和单点值进行了双向（触键和发音）重复测量方差分析。与保持音发音相比，断奏发音会在按键前引起肩部肌肉的肌肉爆发。与保持音发音相比，断奏发音会在按键前引起肩部肌肉的肌肉爆发。与保持音发音相比，断奏发音会在按键前引起肩部肌肉的肌肉爆发。我们的结果表明，旨在预防 PRMD 的热身程序应整合不同类型的触键和发音。然而，断奏发音似乎是肩部结构 PRMD 的一个重要危险因素。时间分析是解释钢琴家按键时肌肉活动的更可靠工具。
