Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Int J Public Health. 2020 Sep;65(7):1193-1204. doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01458-4. Epub 2020 Sep 5.
This scoping review identifies factors associated with obesity traits including body mass index, weight, and body fat percentage in undergraduate students.
We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO for original studies of undergraduate students where an obesity trait was associated with a risk factor.
Two-hundred sixty-eight articles were included comprising of 251 studies: 186 cross-sectional, 50 cohort, 11 interventional, and 4 qualitative. We extracted data on risk/protective factors, obesity traits, and the direction of effect between them. We identified a variety of factors including age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, diet, eating habits, physical activity, sedentary activity, sleep, stress, university campus life, alcohol use, smoking, psychiatric disorders, body image, eating attitude, eating regulation, personality, sociocultural influences, and genetics. The majority of associations were cross-sectional. For longitudinal findings, usually only one study investigated each trait.
This review identifies a need for higher quality evidence to support results from cross-sectional studies and replication of findings of longitudinal studies. This review identifies gaps in the literature, generates hypotheses, guides researchers to plan future studies, and helps decision-makers design obesity-prevention programs in universities.
本范围综述旨在确定与大学生肥胖特征（包括体重指数、体重和体脂百分比）相关的因素，这些肥胖特征与风险因素有关。
我们在 CINAHL、EMBASE、MEDLINE 和 PsycINFO 中搜索了与大学生肥胖特征与风险因素相关的原始研究。
共纳入 268 篇文章，包括 251 项研究：186 项横断面研究、50 项队列研究、11 项干预研究和 4 项定性研究。我们提取了风险/保护因素、肥胖特征以及它们之间的效应方向的数据。我们确定了多种因素，包括年龄、性别、种族、社会经济地位、宗教、饮食、饮食习惯、体力活动、久坐活动、睡眠、压力、大学校园生活、饮酒、吸烟、精神障碍、身体形象、饮食态度、饮食调节、个性、社会文化影响和遗传学。大多数关联是横断面的。对于纵向研究结果，通常只有一项研究调查了每个特征。
本综述确定了需要更高质量的证据来支持横断面研究的结果，并复制纵向研究的发现。本综述确定了文献中的空白，提出了假设，指导研究人员计划未来的研究，并帮助决策者在大学设计肥胖预防计划。
