Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jan 20;753:141871. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141871. Epub 2020 Aug 21.
Arsenic is a global pollutant that can accumulate in rice and has been confirmed to disturb the gut microbiome. By contrast, the influence on the gut mycobiome is seldom concerned because fungi comprise a numerically small proportion of the whole gut microcommunity. To expand the detection of the mycobiome in different gut sections of mammals and investigate the influence of food arsenic on the gut mycobiome in the digestive tract, we treated mice with feeds containing different compositions of arsenic species (7.3% sodium arsenate, 72.7% sodium arsenite, 1.0% sodium monomethylarsonate, and 19.0% sodium dimethylarsinate) in rice at a total arsenic dose of 30 mg/kg. After 60 days of exposure, the feces of four different sites, the ileum, cecum, colon, and excreted feces, were collected and analyzed by internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing. Among the samples, the major fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota; the top 10 fungal genera were Aspergillus, Verticillium, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Ophiocordyceps, Trametes, Mucor, and Nigrospora. In control mice, along the murine digestive tract, the mycobial richness and composition were significantly changed; Aspergillus and Penicillium possessed the higher ability to be stabilized in the murine gut, and larger proportions of positive correlations were observed among the major fungi. After arsenic exposure, the fungal composition was more disturbed in the intestinal tract than in feces. Along the digestive tract, arsenic can trigger larger mycobial variations, and the sensitivities of major fungi to arsenic were changed. Thus, the murine intestinal spatial mycobiota are more perturbed than excreted fecal mycobiota after food arsenic exposure. Feces are insufficient to be selected as a representative of the gut mycobiota in arsenic exposure studies.
砷是一种全球性污染物，可在水稻中积累，并已被证实会扰乱肠道微生物组。相比之下，真菌在整个肠道微生物群落中所占比例较小，因此很少有人关注其对肠道真菌组的影响。为了扩大对哺乳动物不同肠道部位的真菌组的检测，并研究食物砷对消化道中肠道真菌组的影响，我们用含有不同砷物种组成的饲料（7.3%的砷酸钠、72.7%的亚砷酸钠、1.0%的单甲基砷酸和 19.0%的二甲基砷酸）喂养小鼠，总砷剂量为 30mg/kg。暴露 60 天后，收集来自四个不同部位的粪便，即回肠、盲肠、结肠和排泄物，并通过内部转录间隔区基因测序进行分析。在这些样本中，主要的真菌门是子囊菌门、担子菌门和接合菌门；排名前十的真菌属是曲霉属、轮枝菌属、青霉属、枝孢属、交链孢属、镰刀菌属、虫草属、木霉属、毛霉属和黑曲霉属。在对照组小鼠中，随着肠道微生物群落的改变，肠道内的真菌丰富度和组成发生了显著变化；曲霉属和青霉属在小鼠肠道中有更高的稳定性，并且主要真菌之间观察到更多的正相关。在暴露于砷后，肠道中的真菌组成比粪便中的更紊乱。在整个消化道中，砷会引起更大的微生物变化，并且主要真菌对砷的敏感性发生了改变。因此，与食物砷暴露后，肠道内的空间真菌组比排泄物中的真菌组更容易受到干扰。粪便不足以作为砷暴露研究中肠道真菌组的代表性样本。
