Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
Plant Cell Rep. 2020 Dec;39(12):1639-1654. doi: 10.1007/s00299-020-02591-3. Epub 2020 Sep 6.
Genome-wide identification, classification, functional characterization and expression analysis of Auxin Responsive Factor (ARF) gene family in wheat reveal their attributes and role during leaf rust infection. Auxins are important plant growth regulators that also impact plant-pathogen interaction. Auxin responsive factors (ARF) are plant specific transcription factors that control responses to auxins. Whole genome investigation of ARF gene family is limited in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Comprehensive study of this gene family was carried out by employing the currently available reference genome sequence of wheat. In total, 27 ARF genes were identified and located on the wheat genome as well as were positioned on wheat chromosome arms. Additionally, examination of the predicted genes unveiled a decent degree of relatedness within and among the phylogenetic clades. Leaf rust, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina, is responsible for drastic loss of wheat crop worldwide reducing grain yield by 10-90%. Expression profiling of ARF genes in retort to leaf rust infection indicated their differential regulation during this plant-pathogen interaction. Highest expression of ARF genes were observed at 12 hpi that was maintained up to 72 hpi during incompatible interaction, whereas the high expression levels receded at 48 hpi during compatible interactions. Few of the identified ARF genes were likely to be post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNAs. Many light and stress responsive elements were detected in the promoter regions of ARF genes. Microsynteny analysis showed the conservation of ARF genes within the members of the Poaceae family. This study provides fundamental details for understanding the different types of ARF genes in wheat and there putative roles during leaf rust-wheat interaction.
在小麦中进行全基因组鉴定、分类、功能表征和生长素响应因子 (ARF) 基因家族的表达分析，揭示了它们在叶锈病感染过程中的特性和作用。生长素是重要的植物生长调节剂，也会影响植物与病原体的相互作用。生长素响应因子 (ARF) 是植物特异性转录因子，控制对生长素的响应。在异源六倍体小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 中，对 ARF 基因家族的全基因组研究受到限制。通过采用现有的小麦参考基因组序列，对该基因家族进行了全面研究。共鉴定出 27 个 ARF 基因，并定位在小麦基因组上以及小麦染色体臂上。此外，对预测基因的检查揭示了在系统发育枝系内和之间存在相当程度的亲缘关系。叶锈病是由专性活体真菌病原体 Puccinia triticina 引起的，它是导致全世界小麦作物严重减产的原因，使粮食产量减少 10-90%。对 ARF 基因在叶锈病感染中的表达谱进行分析表明，它们在这种植物与病原体的相互作用中存在差异调节。在不亲和相互作用中，在 12 hpi 时观察到 ARF 基因的最高表达，并持续到 72 hpi，而在亲和相互作用中，高表达水平在 48 hpi 时消退。一些鉴定出的 ARF 基因可能受到 microRNAs 的转录后调控。在 ARF 基因的启动子区域检测到许多光和应激响应元件。微同源分析显示 ARF 基因在禾本科成员中具有保守性。本研究为理解小麦中不同类型的 ARF 基因及其在叶锈病-小麦相互作用中的潜在作用提供了基本细节。
