Ryter A
Départment de Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris.
Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol. 1988 Jan-Feb;139(1):33-44. doi: 10.1016/0769-2609(88)90095-6.
Electron microscopy has largely contributed to the study of bacterial anatomy. However, as varied alterations can occur during cell preparation, at the level of cell structure and at the molecular level, it is difficult to know to what extent electron micrographs correspond to the true appearance of the living state. The recent development of cryomethods which avoid some of the alterations which may occur during conventional fixation and embedding procedures, has shed new light on bacterial anatomy. These have definitively proved that mesosomes do not exist, but are artefactual structures induced by the fixative. New features of the bacterial "nucleus" relating to its shape and fine structure appeared in thin sections of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria prepared by cryosubstitution. New information has also been obtained on the cell wall structure of different bacterial species.
电子显微镜在细菌解剖学研究中发挥了重要作用。然而，由于在细胞制备过程中，在细胞结构和分子水平上可能会出现各种变化，因此很难确定电子显微镜图像在多大程度上与活态的真实外观相符。冷冻方法的最新发展避免了传统固定和包埋过程中可能出现的一些变化，为细菌解剖学带来了新的启示。这些方法已明确证明中介体并不存在，而是由固定剂诱导产生的人为结构。通过冷冻置换制备的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的超薄切片中出现了与细菌“细胞核”形状和精细结构相关的新特征。关于不同细菌种类的细胞壁结构也获得了新信息。
