ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand.
Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa.
East Mediterr Health J. 2020 Aug 25;26(8):923-932. doi: 10.26719/emhj.20.063.
Hypertension is a major and fast-growing public health problem in Africa.
To determine the prevalence of hypertension and assess the levels of awareness, treatment and control in Kenya.
A national cross-sectional study based on stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in 2015. The total sample included 4500 individuals aged 18-69 years, (60.0% female; median age 38.0 years, interquartile range 29-52 years) from Kenya. We used the World Health Organization STEPS method: Step 1, questionnaire interview; Step 2, anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements; and Step 3, biochemical tests. Logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of hypertension (systolic/diastolic) BP ³ 140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication), and awareness, treatment and control.
Overall, 28.6% of the population had hypertension, 29.2% among men and 27.9% among women, 17.7% among individuals 18-29 years and 58.3% among those aged 60-69 years. Among hypertensives, 29.4% were aware, 6.5% were currently using antihypertensive medication, and 12.5% had controlled their BP (< 140/90 mmHg). In the fully adjusted model, older age, higher education, overweight and obesity, past month binge drinking, and type 2 diabetes were positively associated with hypertension. In addition, underweight was negatively associated with hypertension.
There was a high prevalence of hypertension among adults in Kenya, with low awareness, treatment and control rates. Public health response is needed in the form of integrated and comprehensive action targeting major noncommunicable diseases in the country.
高血压是非洲一个主要且快速增长的公共卫生问题。
确定肯尼亚高血压的患病率，并评估其知晓率、治疗率和控制率。
2015 年进行了一项基于分层聚类随机抽样的全国性横断面研究。总样本包括来自肯尼亚的 4500 名 18-69 岁个体（60.0%为女性；中位年龄 38.0 岁，四分位间距 29-52 岁）。我们使用世界卫生组织 STEPS 方法：步骤 1，问卷调查；步骤 2，人体测量和血压（BP）测量；步骤 3，生化检查。使用逻辑回归分析高血压（收缩压/舒张压）BP³140/90mmHg 或使用抗高血压药物）以及知晓率、治疗率和控制率的决定因素。
总体而言，28.6%的人群患有高血压，男性为 29.2%，女性为 27.9%，18-29 岁人群为 17.7%，60-69 岁人群为 58.3%。在高血压患者中，29.4%知晓自己患有高血压，6.5%正在服用抗高血压药物，12.5%的人血压得到控制（<140/90mmHg）。在完全调整的模型中，年龄较大、受教育程度较高、超重和肥胖、过去一个月 binge drinking 和 2 型糖尿病与高血压呈正相关。此外，体重过轻与高血压呈负相关。
肯尼亚成年人高血压患病率较高，知晓率、治疗率和控制率均较低。需要采取综合全面的行动，以应对该国的主要非传染性疾病，作为公共卫生应对措施。
