Owolabi Eyitayo Omolara, Goon Daniel Ter, Adeniyi Oladele Vincent, Seekoe Eunice
Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa.
Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University/Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London Hospital Complex, East London, South Africa.
BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 8;7(6):e014349. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014349.
This study examined hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control and their determinants among adults attending health facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) in the Eastern Cape.
A cross-sectional analytical study.
The three largest outpatient clinics in BCMM.
Ambulatory adults (aged 18 years and over) attending the study settings during the study period (n=998).
The prevalence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP of ≥90 mm Hg or current medication for hypertension), the awareness of it (prior diagnosis of it) and its treatment and control (Eighth Joint National Committee Criteria of BP <140/90/90 mm Hg).
Associated factors of hypertension, hypertension unawareness and uncontrolled hypertension.
Of the 998 participants included, the prevalence of hypertension was 49.2%. Hypertension unawareness was reported by 152 participants (23.1%) with significant gender difference (p=0.005). Male sex, age <45 years, higher level of education, single status, current employment, higher monthly income, current smoking, alcohol usage, absence of diabetes and non-obese were significantly associated (p<0.05) with hypertension unawareness.Of the participants who were aware of having hypertension (n=339), nearly all (91.7%, n=311) were on antihypertensive medication and only 121 participants (38.9%) achieved the BP treatment target. In the multivariate logistic regression model analysis, ageing (95% CI 1.9 to 4.4), being married (95% CI 1.0 to 2.0), male sex (95% CI 1.2 to 2.3), concomitant diabetes (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9), lower monthly income (95% CI 1.2 to 2.2), being unemployed (95% CI 1.0 to 1.9) and central obesity (95% CI 1.5 to 2.8) were the significant and independent determinants of prevalent hypertension.
The prevalence and awareness of hypertension was high in the study population. In addition, the suboptimal control of BP among treated individuals, as well as the significant cardiovascular risk factors, warrant the attention of health authorities of BCMM and the country.
本研究调查了东开普省布法罗市都会区（BCMM）就诊于医疗机构的成年人中高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率及其决定因素。
一项横断面分析研究。
BCMM最大的三家门诊诊所。
研究期间在研究地点就诊的非卧床成年人（年龄18岁及以上）（n = 998）。
高血压患病率（收缩压（BP）≥140 mmHg和/或舒张压BP≥90 mmHg或正在服用高血压药物）、知晓率（先前已确诊）及其治疗和控制情况（根据美国国家联合委员会第八版标准，血压<140/90/90 mmHg）。
高血压、高血压知晓不足和未控制高血压的相关因素。
在纳入的998名参与者中，高血压患病率为49.2%。152名参与者（23.1%）报告高血压知晓不足，存在显著性别差异（p = 0.005）。男性、年龄<45岁、受教育程度较高、单身、目前就业、月收入较高、目前吸烟、饮酒、无糖尿病和非肥胖与高血压知晓不足显著相关（p<0.05）。在知晓患有高血压的参与者（n = 339）中，几乎所有人（91.7%，n = 311）都在服用抗高血压药物，只有121名参与者（38.9%）达到了血压治疗目标。在多因素逻辑回归模型分析中，年龄增长（95%CI 1.9至4.4）、已婚（95%CI 1.0至2.0）、男性（95%CI 1.2至2.3）、合并糖尿病（95%CI 1.9至3.9）、月收入较低（95%CI 1.2至2.2）、失业（95%CI 1.0至1.9）和中心性肥胖（95%CI 1.5至2.8）是现患高血压的显著且独立的决定因素。
研究人群中高血压的患病率和知晓率较高。此外，接受治疗者血压控制不佳以及存在显著的心血管危险因素值得BCMM和该国卫生当局关注。
