Mapp C E, Boschetto P, Dal Vecchio L, Maestrelli P, Fabbri L M
Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
Eur Respir J. 1988 Mar;1(3):273-9.
162 subjects who had been exposed to isocyanates, who had developed symptoms during the exposure period, or in the evening or night and, therefore, had a history compatible with isocyanate-induced asthma, were studied with inhalation challenge testing to isocyanates (toluene diisocyanate and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) and methacholine, because they were suspected of having occupational asthma. None of these subjects had symptomatic asthma before employment. The diagnosis of occupational asthma was delayed (duration of symptoms before diagnosis: 3.9 +/- 0.4 yrs). Isocyanate-asthma documented by a positive inhalation challenge to isocyanates was present in 57.4% of the subjects. A higher degree of airway responsiveness to methacholine was present in subjects with a positive isocyanate inhalation challenge compared to subjects with a negative challenge (Gmean and GESM: 0.407 (1.14) vs 0.942 (1.14) mg). The majority of the subjects complained of shortness of breath and cough. The low proportion of atopic subjects (21.5%) and of smokers (7.5%), and the high proportion of subjects with the late component in the asthmatic reaction (71%) appear to be common features in this disease.
162名曾接触异氰酸酯的受试者，他们在接触期间、晚上或夜间出现了症状，因此有与异氰酸酯诱发哮喘相符的病史，因怀疑患有职业性哮喘，对其进行了异氰酸酯（甲苯二异氰酸酯和亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯）和乙酰甲胆碱吸入激发试验。这些受试者在就业前均无有症状的哮喘。职业性哮喘的诊断延迟（诊断前症状持续时间：3.9±0.4年）。57.4%的受试者通过异氰酸酯吸入激发试验阳性证实患有异氰酸酯哮喘。与激发试验阴性的受试者相比，异氰酸酯吸入激发试验阳性的受试者对乙酰甲胆碱的气道反应性更高（几何平均浓度和几何标准差：0.407（1.14）对0.942（1.14）mg）。大多数受试者主诉呼吸急促和咳嗽。特应性受试者比例较低（21.5%）、吸烟者比例较低（7.5%）以及哮喘反应中具有迟发成分的受试者比例较高（71%）似乎是该疾病的常见特征。
