Silvestri MarÍa C, Ortiz Alejandra M, Robledo GermÁn A, Lavia Graciela I
Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE, Fac. Cs. Agrarias), Sargento Cabral 2131, C.C. 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, UNNE, Av. Libertad 5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2020 Sep 7;92(suppl 2):e20191364. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191364.
The species of the genus Arachis (Leguminosae) are ordered into nine sections. The assignment of genome types in this genus has been based on cross-compatibility analysis and molecular cytogenetic studies. The latter has also allowed karyotypically establishing well-defined genomes and reassigning the genome of several species. However, most of these studies have been focused mainly on the sections Arachis and Rhizomatosae. To increase the knowledge about the chromosome diversity of the whole genus, here we performed a detailed karyotype characterization of representative species of most of the sections and genomes of Arachis. This characterization included chromosome morphology, CMA/DAPI chromosome banding, and chromosome marker localization (rDNAloci and one satDNA sequence) by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Based on the data obtained and other previously published data, we established the karyotype similarities by cluster analysis and defined eleven karyotype groups. The grouping was partly coincident with the traditional genome assignment, except for some groups and some individual species. Karyotype similarities among some genomes were also found. The main characteristics of each karyotype group of Arachis were summarized. Together, our results provide information that may be beneficial for future cytogenetic and evolutionary studies, and also contribute to the identification of interspecific hybrids.
落花生属（豆科）的物种被分为九个组。该属基因组类型的划分基于杂交亲和性分析和分子细胞遗传学研究。后者还使得通过核型分析确定明确的基因组并重新划分几个物种的基因组成为可能。然而，这些研究大多主要集中在落花生组和根状花生组。为了增加对整个属染色体多样性的了解，我们在此对落花生属大多数组和基因组的代表性物种进行了详细的核型特征分析。该特征分析包括染色体形态、CMA/DAPI染色体带型分析以及通过荧光原位杂交（FISH）对染色体标记（rDNA位点和一个卫星DNA序列）进行定位。基于获得的数据和其他先前发表的数据，我们通过聚类分析确定了核型相似性，并定义了11个核型组。除了一些组和一些个别物种外，该分组与传统的基因组划分部分一致。还发现了一些基因组之间的核型相似性。总结了落花生属每个核型组的主要特征。我们的结果共同提供了可能有助于未来细胞遗传学和进化研究的信息，也有助于鉴定种间杂种。
