Fávero A P, Peñaloza A P S, Lopes C R, Valls J F M
Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, , Brasil
Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, , Brasil.
Genet Mol Res. 2017 Sep 21;16(3):gmr-16-03-gmr.16039733. doi: 10.4238/gmr16039733.
Arachis kuhlmannii occurs in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul States, Brazil. Its area of occurrence partially overlaps with that of other species in the Arachis section. Because of their morphological similarities, these species are often mistaken one for another. This study aimed the correct classification of available accessions as Arachis kuhlmannii, or other species, and the characterization of similarities among accessions and Arachis hypogaea by morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular marker analyses. Thirty-eight accessions were used. Principal component analysis was used for morphological characterization, root tips for mitotic metaphase analysis, and RAPD markers for molecular characterization. Cluster analysis discriminated accessions with the A genome from the B genome. Cluster analysis based on molecular markers discriminated natural populations in a manner that correlated with geographical areas of the collection. Arachis cardenasii and A. hypogaea were isolated from other A-genome accessions. Cytogenetic analyses confirmed the existence of diagnostic characteristics that distinguish species with the A genome from those with the B genome. Results suggest the need for a taxonomic review of some species in the Arachis section, as we could not discriminate as distinct species all of the accessions identified as A. kuhlmannii, A. helodes, and A. simpsonii by using morphological, molecular, and cytogenetic markers.
库尔曼花生（Arachis kuhlmannii）分布于巴西的马托格罗索州和南马托格罗索州。其分布区域与花生属其他物种的分布区域部分重叠。由于它们在形态上相似，这些物种常被彼此混淆。本研究旨在通过形态学、细胞遗传学和分子标记分析，将现有种质正确分类为库尔曼花生或其他物种，并对种质与栽培种花生（Arachis hypogaea）之间的相似性进行表征。使用了38份种质。主成分分析用于形态学表征，根尖用于有丝分裂中期分析，随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）标记用于分子表征。聚类分析区分了具有A基因组的种质和具有B基因组的种质。基于分子标记的聚类分析以与收集的地理区域相关的方式区分了自然种群。卡德纳斯花生（Arachis cardenasii）和栽培种花生与其他具有A基因组的种质分离。细胞遗传学分析证实了存在区分具有A基因组的物种和具有B基因组的物种的诊断特征。结果表明需要对花生属的一些物种进行分类学审查，因为我们无法通过形态学、分子和细胞遗传学标记将所有被鉴定为库尔曼花生、赫洛德斯花生（A. helodes）和辛普森花生（A. simpsonii）的种质区分为不同的物种。
